1. Storage Management Following is the independent, separate concern components

Question

1.Storage Management

Following is the independent, separate concern components of Storage Management:

1) Storage allocation

2) File system

3) The relationship between storage and swap spaces

4) Partitioning

Please pick 2 component and describe the component’s responsibility and provide an example of an implementation of that component.

Follow this Format:

For example, within the Memory Management component, separating the capability to translate logical addresses to physical addresses is one separate area of concern. This component is typically a hardware component (the MMU) manufactured to support a very specific architecture, such as the ARM Architecture (page 387) with 4-KB and 16-KB, or 1-MB and 16-MB pages for a 32-bit address. Fixing a bug, or upgrading the address translation algorithm version is confined to the MMU and the OS component, isolating this concern from other parts of the OS.

Explanation / Answer

Hi there ,

3) The relationship between storage and swap spaces

Storage :

is a computer system technique which gives an application program the impression that it has contiguous working memory (an address space) .

example taken as virtual memory :

Virtual memory is a layer of abstraction provided to each process. The computer has, say, 2GB of physical RAM, addressed from 0 to 2G. A process might see an address space of 4GB, which it has entirely to itself. The mapping from virtual addresses to physical addresses is handled by a memory management unit, which is managed by the operating system. Typically this is done in 4KB "pages".

This gives several features:

A process can not see memory in other processes (unless the OS wants it to!)
Memory at a given virtual address may not be located at the same physical address
Memory at a virtual address can be "paged out" to disk, and then "paged in" when it is accessed again.

Swap spaces :

is the second type of memory which used when the Virtual memory aka RAM is full or unable to work. So one can say Swap memory or Swap space is the part of virtual memory which is reserved for the temporary storage. This memory is only used when RAM doesn’t function properly or rather it is full.

Let’s take an example of Linux kernel to better understand the Swap memory. In the Linux memory system, the kernel stores the page in the temporary memory. The kernel also maintains a table in which the information regarding the swapped out pages and pages in physical memory is kept. The page which isn’t used for a long time is stored in the physical memory and user can easily restore them. This process is called as the swap out. The user can easily add the page to the main memory any time with this page swap out. Thus both virtual memory and swap memory are interchangeable and can be work as each other substitute easily.

But still both the memories have some basic working difference between with each other such as:

Virtual memory is the main memory of the system and can retrieve the file from the system whenever required. But swap memory is a temporary memory and only used when RAM fails or full.
The virtual memory is capable to extends the memory capacity of a computer beyond the one that is installed. Whereas swap memory is simply a temporary storage space for the page.
Virtual memory is Memory management technique of the computer and Swap is just the area on the hard disk drive.

4) Partitioning

PARTITIONING is used to separate different parts in a hard disk or storage space .Partitions help enable users to divide a computer hard drive into different drives or different portions for a number of reasons. For example, allowing multiple operating systems to run on the same device.

Different types :

There are also dozens of different partition types. Below is a listing of some of these partitions with a brief description. While all of these partitions are available, they may not be available in your partition utility.

Hope you got the answer .

If you have any comments or want to moderate please inform me .

• AIX Partition (Boot)

• Partition used with the AIX operating system.

• Boot Partition

• As defined by Microsoft a boot partition is a partition that contains the files required for a system startup. Also see: System Partition

• BSD/OS Partition (OpenBSD)

• Partition used with the BSD operating system.

• DOS (12-bit, 16-bit) Partition

• Partition used with older versions of MS-DOS.

• DOS Extended Partition

• Partition that is extended from one or more of the original MS-DOS partitions.

• DRDOS (Hidden, Secured)

• Partition used with the DR. DOS operating system.

• Extended Partition

• Partition that is extended from one or more of the primary partitions.

• Hibernation Partition

• Partition used with older hibernation programs.

• HPFS Partition (OS/2 IFS)

• Partition used with IBM OS/2 and Microsoft NT 3.x

• Linux (Linux native, Linux swap, Linux extended, ext2fs)

• Partition used with various variants of the Linux operating systems.

• MINIX

• Partition used with the MINIX operating system.

• NON-DOS Partition

• When using Microsoft fdisk a NON-DOS partition indicates a partition that is not native to the Microsoft operating system. For example, this could be a Linux partition.

• NEC DOS

• Partition used with the old NEC DOS variant.

• NEXTSTEP

• Partition used with the Nextstep operating system.

• Novell Netware

• Partition used with the Novell Netware operating system.

• NTFS

• Partition used with Microsoft Windows NT 4.x, Windows 2000 and Windows XP.

• Partition Magic (PowerQuest)

• Partition created using the Partition Magic utility by PowerQuest.

• PC-ARMOUR

• Partition created by the PC ARMOUR security utility. When created this partition is commonly protected by a password.

• Primary

• In a Microsoft operating system the Primary Partition commonly refers to the main or first partition used for the Microsoft operating system.

• Solaris X86

• Partition used with the Sun Solaris X86 platform operating system.

• System Partition

• As defined by Microsoft a system partition is a partition that contains the system32 directory. Also see: Boot Partition

• Tandy DOS

• Partition used with the old Tandy DOS variant.

• Unix System V (SCO, IRIX, ISC, Unix, UnixWare, etc...)

• Partition used with various Unix operating systems.

• VMWare (VMWare Swap)

• Partition used by VMWare.

• XENIX (XENIX /usr)

• Partition used with the Xenix operating system.

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