13.1 What is the advantage of immediate addressing? 13.2 What are the limitation

Question

13.1 What is the advantage of immediate addressing? 13.2 What are the limitations of direct addressing. 13.11 What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a variable-length instruction format? Problems 13.1. Given the following memory values and alone-address machine with an accumulator, what values do the following instructions load into the accumulator? Word 3 contains 15. Word 12 contains 18 . Word 15 contains 24 Word 18 contains 36 a. LOAD IMMEDIATE 3 b. LOAD DIRECT 3 c. LOAD INDIRECT 3 d. LOAD IMMEDIATE 15 e. LOAD INDIRECT 12 f. LOAD DIRECT 18

Explanation / Answer

a. LOAD IMMEDIATE 3

This puts value 3 in the accumulator. This is immediate addressing mode.

b. LOAD DIRECT 3

This instruction puts value present in word 3 in the accumulator. Word 3 contains 15 so accumulator has 15 after this instruction. This instruction uses direct addressing mode

c. LOAD INDIRECT 3

This instruction uses indirect addressing so the value present in the address value present in word 3 is put in the accumulator.

WORD 3 contains 15

WORD 15 contains 24

so accumulator has 24 value.

d. LOAD IMMEDIATE 15

This instruction puts value 15 in the accumulator . This is direct addressing mode.

e. LOAD INDIRECT 12

This instruction uses indirect addressing so the value present in the address value present in word 12 is put in the accumulator.

WORD 12 contains 18

WORD 18 contains 36

so accumulator has 36 value.

f. LOAD DIRECT 18

This uses direct addressing mode. This instruction puts the value present in word 18 in the accumulator.

Word 18 has 36 so accumulator has value 36.

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