The following task may require knowledge of C. [25 points] Modify the kernel to

Question

The following task may require knowledge of C. [25 points]
Modify the kernel to show additional information about pages in each memory region. You need to add a string that represents the pages in the region. A ‘x’ is used if the page is absent. If present, then a single digit (1 – 9) if the page reference count is below 10, or a ‘*’ otherwise.

Provide a brief description of your modification task. Submit a document displaying the original kernel code and your modifications. You may copy-paste the code segments.

Explanation / Answer

The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.

Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:

modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1

Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:

usbcore.blinkenlights=1

Hyphens (dashes) and underscores are equivalent in parameter names, so

log_buf_len=1M print-fatal-signals=1 can also be entered as

log-buf-len=1M print_fatal_signals=1

This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these parameters may be changed at runtime by the command "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".

The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a parameter is applicable

In addition, the following text indicates that the option:

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