Identify three forms of guided transmission media. Identify two 3G and two 4G wi

Question

Identify three forms of guided transmission media. Identify two 3G and two 4G wireless communications options.

What is the difference between near field communication and ultra wideband?

What is the difference between Wi-Fi and WiMAX communications?

What is TCP/IP? How does it work?

For what are Telnet and FTP used, respectively?

Briefly describe three ways to connect to the Internet. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each approach?

What is an Internet service provider? What services do they provide?

How do Web application frameworks assist Web developers?

What is instant messaging?

Explanation / Answer

2. A near field communication (NFC) is a very short-range wireless connectivity technology made for cell phones and credit cards, while the ultra wideband (UWB) is a form of short-range communications that employs extremely short electromagnetic pulses that are transmitted across a broad range of radio frequencies.

You might have heard a buzz about Near Field Communication (NFC) that is becoming an integral part of the all latest and upcoming smart phones such as Nexus S, Galaxy S, Some Motorola Devices, and iPhone 5.This technology has been trialed by most of the companies and is being widely sed in Japan at the moment.

Unlike many other wireless technologies, Near Field Communication (NFC) has a short range of about 1.5 inches. This makes it a good choice for secure transactions, such as contactless credit card payments. MasterCard and Visa are both members of the NFC Forum, and both companies have been involved in pilot programs that use NFC-enabled phones as a flash payment option.

3. WiMAX is similar to the wireless standard known as Wi-Fi, but on a much larger scale and at faster speeds. A nomadic version would keep WiMAX-enabled devices connected over large areas, much like today’s cell phones. We can compare it with Wi-Fi based on the following factors.

Wi-Fi typically provides local network access for a few hundred feet with the speed of up to 54 Mbps, a single WiMAX antenna is expected to have a range of up to 40 miles with the speed of 70 Mbps or more.

Wi-Fi works at 2.7 bps/Hz and can peak up to 54 Mbps in 20 MHz channel.

WiMAX works at 5 bps/Hz and can peak up to 100 Mbps in a 20 MHz channel.

4. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network. When you are set up with direct access to the Internet, your computer is provided with a copy of the TCP/IP program just as every other computer that you may send messages to or get information from also has a copy of TCP/IP.

TCP/IP is a two-layer program. The higherlayer, Transmission Control Protocol, manages the assembling of a message or file into smallerpackets that are transmitted over the Internet and received by a TCP layer that reassembles the packets into the original message. The lower layer, Internet Protocol, handles theaddress part of each packet so that it gets to the right destination.Even though some packets from the same message are routed differently than others, they'll be reassembled at the destination.

TCP/IP uses the client/server model of communication in which a computer user (a client) requests and is provided a service (such as sending a Web page) by another computer (a server) in the network. TCP/IP and the higher-level applications that use it are collectively said to be "stateless" because each client request is considered a new request unrelated to any previous one.

5. FTP and Telnet are two very old protocols, that are used on networks to add certain functionalities. FTP is a File Transfer Protocol, and its only concern is to facilitate the transfer of files from one point to another, along with a few management capabilities like making and deleting directories. Telnet is a bit more like a ‘jack of all trades’, as it is simply a connection protocol that allows a user to connect to a remote server that is listening for Telnet commands. Once the connection is established, the user can then issue commands to the server computer, and examine the responses that are sent back.

Due to the age of both software, they do not have any built-in security measures. Even usernames and passwords are sent in plain text, making them vulnerable to sniffing. With later modifications, people can now use secure versions of FTP, called FTPS and SFTP. On the other hand, Telnet has been largely replaced by SSH, due to the addition of security measures. As Telnet has been superseded by SSH, making it secure seems redundant.

7. An Internet service provider is a company that provides individuals and other companies access to the Internet and other related services such as Web site building and virtual hosting. An Internet service provider has the equipment and the telecommunication line access required to have a point-of-presence on the Internet for the geographic area served. The larger Internet service providers have their own high-speed leased lines so that they are less dependent on the telecommunication providers and can provide better service to their customers.

Internet service providers also include regional providers such as New England's NEARNet and the San Francisco Bay area BARNet. They also include thousands of local providers. In addition, Internet users can also get access through online service providers (OSP) such as America Online and Compuserve.

An Internet service provider is also sometimes referred to as an IAP (Internet access provider).

8. Web development framework is especially created to help you boost the performance and efficiency of your web applications, web services and website development task. A large number of frameworks are equipped with fascinating features such as templates and session management and database access libraries.

In true sense, the web development frameworks have made web development easier for all of us. For any web developers or designers, a web framework is a blessing in disguise as it offers them flexibility and multiple options to explore and save their invaluable time. For example, coding business logic, designing user interface, building database and ensuring the stability.

But, web development frameworks are here to free you from all tension and rigorous tasks. For an enjoyable web development experience, you can choose from any of the various types of frameworks available in the market.

9. An instant message (IM) is a real-time, text-based communication similar to chat. IM uses a shared software client between or among two or more people using personal computers, iPhones or other devices. The communication is done over a network, often the Internet, and may include advanced modes with live voice or video. File transfers are also sometimes allowed but are limited in size.

Some IM systems permit messages to be sent when the recipient is not online. In these cases, IM is much like email; in fact, the message may even be sent to the recipient's email address.

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