#1. What is meant by data independence? Explain your answer. #2. Identify two be

Question

#1. What is meant by data independence? Explain your answer.
#2. Identify two benefits of separating application software from the database management system.
#3. Identify the level within a database system (user, programmer of application software, and designer of the DBMS software) at which each of the following concerns or activities occur:
a. How should data be stored on a disk to maximize efficiency?
b. Is there a vacancy on flight 243?
c. Could a relation be stored as a sequential file?
d. How many times should a user be allowed to mistype a password before the conversation is terminated?
e. How can the PROJECT operation be implemented?


#4. Suppose a sequential file contains 50,000 records, and 5 milliseconds are required to interrogate an entry. How long should we expect to wait when retrieving a record from the middle of the file?
#5. The chapter drew parallels between a traditional file index and the file directory system maintained by an operating system. In what ways does an operating system’s file directory differ from a traditional index?

Explanation / Answer

Data independence is the ability to modify the scheme without affecting the programs and the application to be rewritten. Data is separated from the programs, so that the changes made to the data will not affect the program execution and the application.

2)

3)

(a)    Designer of the DBMS software is concerned because he organizes and designs the software so that disk efficiency is maximized.

(b)   This activity occurs at user level. A user queries the database.

(c)    Designer of the DBMS software is concerned about the relations in the database.

(d)   Programmer of the application software is concerned about the relations in the database. While developing the application, the programmer must set up the necessary conditions.

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