[In C] You are given the following code and you will change it accordingly. You

Question

[In C]

You are given the following code and you will change it accordingly.

You will implement a multi-threaded ASCII character count program and compare the results with and without synchronization.
First, update the code and use a one-dimensional global int array to hold all of the character counts.
All the threads increment the same array entries without using any synchronization.
Then, create a second version of the program that protects the increment of the global int array using a mutex.
Run both versions on the same file and compare the character counts.

In order to observe the differences in the results of the two programs, we need to use a Ubuntu virtual machine with multiple CPUs.

Below are the steps to change the number of CPUs in virtualbox:
1. Shut down the Ubuntu virtual machine;
2. Go to “Setting” -> “Systems” -> “Processors”.
3. Change the number of CPUs.

Hints: Use the functions pthread_mutex_init(), pthread_mutex_lock()and pthread_mutex_unlock()to create, acquire, and release the mutex, respectively.

Compare the character counts of both programs on the same text file.

[Given Code]:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

//define the thread count as 8
#define NUMBER_OF_THREAD 8

//set the buffer of length 65536 bytes
#define BUFFERLENGTH 65536

//global 128 element 2d int array
int countCharacters[NUMBER_OF_THREAD][128];

//character array
char buffer[BUFFERLENGTH];

//structure to store the thread information
typedef struct{
    int thred_limit;
    int count_thread;
} myThread;

//the function to perform the thread run
void *threadRun(void *arrayMythread) {
    int itr, locationOfThread;
    char ascii_char_encoutered;

    myThread myThreadInstance = *(myThread*) arrayMythread;
    locationOfThread = myThreadInstance.count_thread * myThreadInstance.thred_limit;
    ascii_char_encoutered = buffer[locationOfThread];

    //the for loop to process each thread
    for(itr = 0; locationOfThread < BUFFERLENGTH && itr < myThreadInstance.thred_limit; itr++) {
        ascii_char_encoutered = buffer[locationOfThread++];
        countCharacters[myThreadInstance.count_thread][ascii_char_encoutered]++;
    }

    pthread_exit(NULL);
}

//function to compute the time
double timeInSec(void){
    return (double)clock()/CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
}

//the main function
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){

    //the pthread array
    pthread_t arrayPthread[NUMBER_OF_THREAD];

   //create the structre array
    myThread arrayMythread[NUMBER_OF_THREAD];

   //local variables
    int itr, i, asciiFile, threadParts, totalNumOfchar, threadObj;
    double threadVal;

   //open the file that passed as first commandLine
    asciiFile = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);

    //if error in opening the file
    if (asciiFile < 0){
        fprintf(stderr, "File Open error! ");
        return -1;
    }

    asciiFile = read(asciiFile, buffer, BUFFERLENGTH);

    threadVal = timeInSec();

    threadParts = (double) asciiFile / (double) NUMBER_OF_THREAD;
    close(asciiFile);

    for(itr = 0; itr < NUMBER_OF_THREAD; itr++) {
        arrayMythread[itr].count_thread = itr;
        arrayMythread[itr].thred_limit = threadParts;
        threadObj = pthread_create(&arrayPthread[itr], NULL, &threadRun, &arrayMythread[itr]);
   
        if(threadObj < 0)
            printf("Error creating thread! %itr ", itr);
    }

    itr = 0;
    do{
        pthread_join(arrayPthread[itr], NULL);
        itr++;
    } while (itr < NUMBER_OF_THREAD);

    for(itr = 0; itr < 128; itr++) {
        totalNumOfchar = 0;
        for(i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_THREAD; i++) {
            totalNumOfchar += countCharacters[i][itr];
        }

    
        printf("%i occurrences of ", totalNumOfchar);

    
        if(itr < 33 || itr == 127){
            printf("%#0x ", itr);
        }
        else{
            printf("%c ", itr);
        }
    }

    threadVal = timeInSec() - threadVal;

    return 0;
}

Explanation / Answer

#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

//define the thread count as 8
#define NUMBER_OF_THREAD 8

//set the buffer of length 65536 bytes
#define BUFFERLENGTH 65536

//global 128 element 2d int array
int countCharacters[NUMBER_OF_THREAD][128];

//character array
char buffer[BUFFERLENGTH];

//structure to store the thread information
typedef struct{
    int thred_limit;
    int count_thread;
} myThread;

//the function to perform the thread run
void *threadRun(void *arrayMythread) {
    int itr, locationOfThread;
    char ascii_char_encoutered;

    myThread myThreadInstance = *(myThread*) arrayMythread;
    locationOfThread = myThreadInstance.count_thread * myThreadInstance.thred_limit;
    ascii_char_encoutered = buffer[locationOfThread];

    //the for loop to process each thread
    for(itr = 0; locationOfThread < BUFFERLENGTH && itr < myThreadInstance.thred_limit; itr++) {
        ascii_char_encoutered = buffer[locationOfThread++];
        countCharacters[myThreadInstance.count_thread][ascii_char_encoutered]++;
    }

    pthread_exit(NULL);
}

//function to compute the time
double timeInSec(void){
    return (double)clock()/CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
}

//the main function
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){

    //the pthread array
    pthread_t arrayPthread[NUMBER_OF_THREAD];

   //create the structre array
    myThread arrayMythread[NUMBER_OF_THREAD];

   //local variables
    int itr, i, asciiFile, threadParts, totalNumOfchar, threadObj;
    double threadVal;

   //open the file that passed as first commandLine
    asciiFile = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);

    //if error in opening the file
    if (asciiFile < 0){
        fprintf(stderr, "File Open error! ");
        return -1;
    }

    asciiFile = read(asciiFile, buffer, BUFFERLENGTH);

    threadVal = timeInSec();

    threadParts = (double) asciiFile / (double) NUMBER_OF_THREAD;
    close(asciiFile);

    for(itr = 0; itr < NUMBER_OF_THREAD; itr++) {
        arrayMythread[itr].count_thread = itr;
        arrayMythread[itr].thred_limit = threadParts;
        threadObj = pthread_create(&arrayPthread[itr], NULL, &threadRun, &arrayMythread[itr]);
   
        if(threadObj < 0)
            printf("Error creating thread! %itr ", itr);
    }

    itr = 0;
    do{
        pthread_join(arrayPthread[itr], NULL);
        itr++;
    } while (itr < NUMBER_OF_THREAD);

    for(itr = 0; itr < 128; itr++) {
        totalNumOfchar = 0;
        for(i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_THREAD; i++) {
            totalNumOfchar += countCharacters[i][itr];
        }

    
        printf("%i occurrences of ", totalNumOfchar);

    
        if(itr < 33 || itr == 127){
            printf("%#0x ", itr);
        }
        else{
            printf("%c ", itr);
        }
    }

    threadVal = timeInSec() - threadVal;

    return 0;
}

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