SOCIAL SCIENCE - INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (Essay questions - Please answer in 3
ID: 358978 • Letter: S
Question
SOCIAL SCIENCE - INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
(Essay questions - Please answer in 300-500 words)
a.) What key institutions have sought to nurture development since the end of the Second World War? What are their respective roles and functions?
b.) Why was Adam Smith keen on emphasizing productive over unproductive labor? Explain the implications of his view of productive labor.
c.) Describe the reasons Marx and Engels viewed the bourgeoisie as a revolutionary class on a global scale. (Communist Manifesto)
Explanation / Answer
a.) What key institutions have sought to nurture development since the end of the Second World War? What are their respective roles and functions?
The United Nations : The role or the function of the United Nations was to maintain peace and security which in turn would facilitate the right environment for development. With 193 members and 15 members of the Security council, the United Nations.
IMF : The International Monetary Fund was establish to help countries rebuild their infrastructure and the economy after World War 2. The IMF constitutes of 189 countries. The IMF's goal was to fund the rebuilding of countries that have not only been adversely effected by World War 2 but also third world countries in order to meet the millennium development goals.
The World Bank (IDA international development organisation) : IDA's role is similar to the IMF except its more infra structure focused and its more focused on poorer countries that are in dire need of development.
b.) Why was Adam Smith keen on emphasizing productive over unproductive labor? Explain the implications of his view of productive labor.
Adam Smith's view on labour was that there are broadly two types of labor namely, productive and un productive. Productive labour's productivity ratio is higher. Adam smith measures productivity through tangibility and quantitative metrics. Non productive labour tend to have lower productivity ratio. The amount of work they put in may not have a direct tangible benefit to the productive outcome of the firm.
The positive implications are that this measures real productivity of employees and firms. However on the down side it may not capture intangible metrics and qualitative data which ads to the productive metrics in the long run.
For EG :
The problem with Stack Ranking or Forced Distribution, is that it used broad strokes to classify employees without looking into marginal differences or degree of performance and skill variations within each performance segment within the bell curve. This results in the firm making bad decisions during performance reviews. Employees who could add great value to the organisation could leave or be left out because of forced distribution.
c.) Describe the reasons Marx and Engels viewed the bourgeoisie as a revolutionary class on a global scale. (Communist Manifesto)
The reason why they viewed them as a revolutionary class was due to the rise of aristocracy and Feudal land and labour laws. The other reason why the probably held this view was due to the grim working conditions of the industrial revolution in the late 19th century. This reinforced their world view that capital and power and concentrated with the bourgeoisie. As trade become more global, Marx and Engels realised that the concentration of power and wealth was universal.
Related Questions
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.