The TCP /IP lavering architecture is shown in the following figure. Explain the

Question

The TCP /IP lavering architecture is shown in the following figure. Explain the message life cycle for a message originating from an application on Host A to an application on Host B. Are the frames and datagrarams identical on both sides of Router R? Why or why not? Host A Host B identical message ……. Applicatlon Applicatlon identical packet- Router R Internet Transport Transport ……….- Internet Internet identical datagram . identical datagram -.. Network Interface Network Interface Network Interface identical frame identical ame Physical Net 1 Physical Net 2

Explanation / Answer

1.

At Host A-

-At aplication layer message will enter by user.

-After that message will come into tranport layer.In this layer message will devide into small packets and each packets have TCP or UDP header.

- After comlition of transport layer it will come into network layer. This layer is also known as Internet layer. The main purpose of this layer is to organize or handle the movement of data on network. By movement of data, we generally mean routing of data over the network. The main protocol used at this layer is IP. While ICMP(used by popular ‘ping’ command) and IGMP are also used at this layer.

Here IP header will attech.

- After comliting network layer Data link layer will come.This layer is also known as network interface layer. This layer normally consists of device drivers in the OS and the network interface card attached to the system. Both the device drivers and the network interface card take care of the communication details with the media being used to transfer the data over the network. In most of the cases, this media is in the form of cables. Some of the famous protocols that are used at this layer include ARP(Address resolution protocol), PPP(Point to point protocol) etc.

- Here message will call as fram.

- finally message will come to physical payer and here fram will pass thew cable or threw air.

At Host B:

Mostly revers process will come done by message after receving message at physical layer.

- data link layer get the fram and check it.

-network layer will remove ip header.

- transport layer will remove TCP or UDP header from that packets and fianlly.

- message will come to aplication layer.

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