1 of 5 Concept of Programming Languages Review Questions for the Final Exam I. D
ID: 3574276 • Letter: 1
Question
1 of 5 Concept of Programming Languages Review Questions for the Final Exam I. Describe the language evaluation criteria. 2. What construct of a programming language provide process abstraction? 3. What are the three fundamental features of an object-oriented programming language? 4. What are the three general methodsofimplementing a programming language? 5. What are syntax and semantics of a programming language? 6. Using the following grammar, show a parse tree and a leftmost derivation for the statement A C/OB-C) B Kassign kidExplanation / Answer
14.
Type coercion is a means to convert one data type to another. For example, parsing the Java String "42" to the Integer 42 would be coercion. Or more simply, converting a Long 42 to a Double 42.0. Cascading supports primitive type coercions natively through the cascading.tuple.coerce.Coercions class.
In practice, developers implicitly invoke coercions via the cascading.tuple.TupleEntry interface by requesting a Long or String representation of a field, via TupleEntry.getLong() or TupleEntry.getString(), respectively.
Or when data is set on a Tuple via TupleEntry.setLong() or TupleEntry.setString(), for example. If the field was declared as an Integer, and TupleEntry.setString( "someField", "42" ) was called, the value of "someFields" will be coerced into its canonical form, 42.
To create custom coercions, the cascading.tuple.type.CoercibleType interface must be implemented, and instances of CoercibleType can be used as the Type accepted by the Fields API as CoercibleType extends java.lang.reflect.Type.
Cascading provided a cascading.tuple.type.DateType implementation to allow for coercions between date strings and the Long canonical type.
output
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z=1 (both are integer)
z1=1.0 (result should be found in float but division is on integer no.
8/5=1, when stored it converts to 1.0)
z2=1.6(both integer converted to float)
z3=1 (numerator is int bt denominator is float but result always come as numerator data type.)
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