1. How does the postal service use hierarchical sorting? How does this simplify
ID: 3538042 • Letter: 1
Question
1.
How does the postal service use hierarchical sorting? How does this simplify delivery decisions?
3. A client PC has two simultaneous connections to the same webserver application program on a webserver. (Yes. This is possible, and in fact, it is rather common.) What will be different between the TCP segments that the client sends on the two connections?
4. A router that has the routing table in Figure 9-8 receives an incoming packet. The source IP address is 10.55.72.234. The destination host is 10.4.6.7. The TTL value is 1. The Protocol field value is 6. What will the router do with this packet?
Explanation / Answer
1.For example, letters sent to a location in
the United States include the country (the USA), the state (e.g., Pennsylvania), the city (e.g.,
Philadelphia), the street (e.g., Walnut Street) and the number of the house on the street (e.g., 421). The
postal services use the address on the envelope to route the letter to its destination. For example, if the
letter is sent from France, then a postal office in France will first direct the letter to a postal center in the
USA. This postal center in the USA will then send the letter to a postal center in Philadelphia. Finally a
mail person working in Philadelphia will deliver the letter to its ultimate destination. so this is resulting in
simplify delivery decisions.
3.The different between the TCP segments that the client sends on the two connections is the port number for
a connection the combination of both ip address and port address will detirmine the complete address which will
help in distingushing between 2 different connections.
4.
The TTL Expired in transit message indicates that there is a potential routing loop condition present somewhere in between you and your destination.
This router was the last router to decrement the TTL value thereby making the TTL equal to 0 at which point it will send an ICMP TTL Expired in Transit response.
Every router between you and your destination will decrement the TTL by 1 until it reaches the destination or a loop occurs and the TTL expires / reaches zero.
In this case this is the router reporting that the TTL has expired and it can't reach the destination, more than likely because a loop exists and it's sending traffic upstream to another router then having it send back to itself which continues until the TTL expires and the packet is dropped.
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