Previous knowledge (review these topics: La Chatelier\'s Principle, osmolarity,

Question

Previous knowledge (review these topics: La Chatelier's Principle, osmolarity, buffers) 1. Starting with the mouth/nose, list the structures that 02 passes through on its way to the bloodstream. Which of these structures conduct air and which ones allow for gas exchange? 2. Why does the tissue around the alveoli have a lot of blood vessels? Why does it have a lot of macrophages? 3. Do you have more CO2 in the pulmonary artery or pulmonary veins? Explain. 4. In additio 5. Explain how contraction of the diaphragm enlarges the thoracic cavity. How does this n to pressure gradient, what determines the rate of airflow into the lungs? lead to airflow into the lungs?

Explanation / Answer

Nose ,pharynx , larynx coma trachea coma bronchi, bronchioles ,alveoli. All of these except alveoli are conducting parts, where as alveoli is the part where gaseous exchange takes place. Tissues around alveoli has a lot of blood vessels because gaseous exchange takes place between alveolar sac and blood in the vessels. Macrophages protects the lungs from microbes and aerosols by ingesting them through phagocytosis. Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood containing high amount of carbon dioxide from right ventricle to the lungs. Based on the principle of Boyle's law air travel from higher pressure to lower pressure. As in inspiration increased volume inside the lungs reduces pressure where outside pressure is greater than pressure in lungs ,so air travel from atmosphere to the lungs. Contraction of diaphragm and intercostal muscles lift up the ribs does expanding the thoracic cavity and an increase in its volume. An increase in the volume decreases the pressure so that air can enter the lungs.

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