1) Identify the components of the urinary system and describe the functions that
ID: 3523467 • Letter: 1
Question
1) Identify the components of the urinary system and describe the functions that they perform, 2) Describe the location and structural features of the kidney, 3) Describe the structures of the nephron and outline the processes involved in the formation of urine, 4) Describe the normal characteristics, composition, and solute concentrations of a representative urine sample , 5) Describe the structures and functions of the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, 6) Discuss the voluntary and involuntary regulation of urination and describe the micturition reflex, 7) Explain what is meant by the terms “balance,” electrolyte balance,” and “acid-base balance,” and discuss their importance for homeostasis, 8) Explain how the body responds when the pH of body fluids varies outside normal limits, and 9) Explain the basic concepts involved in regulation of fluids and electrolytes. 1) Identify the components of the urinary system and describe the functions that they perform, 2) Describe the location and structural features of the kidney, 3) Describe the structures of the nephron and outline the processes involved in the formation of urine, 4) Describe the normal characteristics, composition, and solute concentrations of a representative urine sample , 5) Describe the structures and functions of the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, 6) Discuss the voluntary and involuntary regulation of urination and describe the micturition reflex, 7) Explain what is meant by the terms “balance,” electrolyte balance,” and “acid-base balance,” and discuss their importance for homeostasis, 8) Explain how the body responds when the pH of body fluids varies outside normal limits, and 9) Explain the basic concepts involved in regulation of fluids and electrolytes.Explanation / Answer
1)Urinary system- plays a great role in the maintenence of homeostasis.the components include
a)kidneys-- they are situated on either side of the vertebral column in the posterior abdominalwall. Function-they remove waste products of metabolism and excess of water and salts from the blood and maintain pH.
b)ureters--the ureters are paired of narrow,thick walled muscular tubes which convey urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
c)Bladder-- the urinary bladder is a sac like structure and is located in lower abdomen.the bladder walls relax and expands to store urine and contract to empty urine.
d)spincter muscles-- two spincter muscles help to keep the opening of bladder tight to prevent leaking of urine.
e)Nerves in the bladder alerts to urinate or empty the bladder.
f)Urethra--it is a tube like structure which allows urine to pass out the body.
2.Kidneys-- the kidneys are two bean shaped organs present in left and right side of the spine .They are located at the back of the abdominal cavity.the right kidney slightly lower and smaller than the left.
3.Nephron-it is the structural and functional unit of kidney.each kidney contains around 1 million nephrons.each nephron consists of one main interlobular artery feeding a single renal tuble.The nephrons process blood and create urine through the process of filtration,reabsorption and secretion.
4)Urine-- Charecteristics- 1.the pH of urine is normally in range of 5.5-7.0.volume of urine is 1-2 ltrs /day.the specific gravity may range from 1.002 -1.037.
Composition- urine is composed of 95% water and 5%solutes.nitrogenous wastes include urea,uric acid and creatinine.others include sodium ,potassium,phosphate and sulphate ions.
concentrations of urine:- a)urea-9.3g/dL b)creatinine-0.670g/L c)sodium-1.17g/dLd)potassium 0.750g/dL.
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