Lipids consist of 3 substances. What are they? What is the technical term for th

Question

Lipids consist of 3 substances. What are they? What is the technical term for the fat in foods and the fat on your body? What is the basic chemical structure of triglycerides? What are the 3 basic types or categories of fatty acids? What is it about each of their chemical structures that gives that type of fatty acid its identity? Why do fatty acids with double bonds have fewer hydrogens than those fatty acids without double bonds? What 2 main categories of animal-based foods are high in saturated fat? What plant oils are high in saturated fat? What plant oils are rich sources of monounsaturated fat? Which types of nuts are rich sources of monounsaturated fat? What 2 green fruits are rich sources of monounsaturated fat? (these are not sweet fruits!) What are the 2 subcategories of polyunsaturated fatty acids? What is it about their chemical structures that give them their names? What are the common vegetable oils that are high in polyunsaturated fat (omega 6 type)? How are these oils commonly used in the American diet? What common condiment is high in polyunsaturated omega 6 fat? What are the names of the 2 specific omega 3 fats that are found in animal foods? What foods are these found in? What is the name of the omega-3 fatty acid that is found in plant-based foods? Which foods are rich sources of this type of fat? What processing creates trans fats? Why are trans fats given this name? What ingredients on a food label tell you that that food contains trans fat? In what structure are lipids transported in the blood? What general category of foods contain cholesterol? What general category of foods never contain cholesterol? How many calories can the human body get from ingested cholesterol? What categories of fat are generally considered "healthy fats" and should be included in the daily diet? What categories of fat are generally considered "not-so-healthy" and should be minimized in the daily diet?

Explanation / Answer

Solution: Lipids are one of the major organic compound present in the human body and contains elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; some also contain phosphorus. Lipids mainly consists of following 3 substances

i) True fats. ii) Phospholipids. iii) steroids

2.What is the technical term for the fat in foods and the fat on your body?

Solution: fat in foods are known as dietary fats and fat on body known as cholesterol.

3.What is the basic chemical structure of triglycerides?

Solution: Triglycerides are one of the lipid compounds that composed of a glycerol molecule bonded with three fatty acid chains.

The chemical structure of triglycerides is contain two parts which are

I) A glycerol backbone at the core of triglycerides, consists of three carbon atoms.

ii) Three fatty acids, long chains of hydrocarbons with a carboxyl group and a methyl group at opposite ends, extend from

each of the carbons of the glycerol.

4.What are the 3 basic types or categories of fatty acids?

Solution : Upon hydrolysis triglycerides gives glycerol and fatty acids. Fatty acids are long chain of hydrogen and carbon . Fatty acids are categorised into 3 basic types depending upon the number of carbons with or without hydrogen atoms attached to them as

I) saturated fatty acids

ii)monounsaturated fatty acids and

iii)polyunsaturated fatty acids .

5.What is it about each of their chemical structures that gives that type of fatty acid its identity?

Solution: As fatty acids which are constitute a long , straight chain of carbon with hydrogen atoms bound to them are categorised into 3 basic types depending upon their chemical structure that made up of number of carbons with or without hydrogen atoms attached to them as saturated fatty , monounsaturated and polyunsaturated.

6.Why do fatty acids with double bonds have fewer hydrogens than those fatty acids without double bonds?

Solution : Fatty acids are long chain of carbon with hydrogen atoms attached to them. If there is double bonds between two carbon atoms it can’t bound with hydrogen atom as per valency rule thus fatty acids with double bonds have fewer hydrogens than those fatty acids without double bonds.

7.What 2 main categories of animal-based foods are high in saturated fat?

Solution: Many foods which obtained from animals are high in saturated fat and are categorised into 2 main types : i) Dairy products. And ii) meat

8. What plant oils are high in saturated fat?

Solution: Like some animal based foods are rich in saturated fat , there are also some plant oils high in saturated oil, such as coconut oil and palm kernel oil.

9.What plant oils are rich sources of monounsaturated fat?

Solution: Monounsaturated fat can help in reducing cholesterol level thus are lower heart attack risks. Olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil and sesame oil are some of plant oils which are rich sources of monounsaturated fat.

10. Which types of nuts are rich sources of monounsaturated fat?

Solution : Nuts are also rich sources of monounsaturated fat and includes almonds, peanuts, cashews, hazelnuts, and pistachios.

11.What 2 green fruits are rich sources of monounsaturated fat? (these are not sweet fruits!)

Solution:- 2 Green fruits are rich sources of monounsaturated fat are avocado and olive.

12.What are the 2 subcategories of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

Solution: Polyunsaturated fatty acids are types of fatty acids and subcategories into 2 types omega-3 and omega-6.

13.What is it about their chemical structures that give them their names?

Solution: The two types are differ in their chemical structure as omega-3 has the first double bond is located at the third carbon from the methyl group (CH3) and omega-6 has the double bond is at the sixth carbon of the chain from the same radical.

14.What are the common vegetable oils that are high in polyunsaturated fat (omega 6 type)?

Solution:- Common vegetable oils that are high in omega-6 type polyunsaturated fat includes Flaxseed oil, Hempseed oil, Grapeseed oil.

15.How are these oils commonly used in the American diet?

Solution:- As polyunsaturated oils are better than saturated fatty acids as they reduce cholesterol levels and reduce heart attack risks they are commonly used in the American diet.

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