produced and their functions . For cach region/zone of the adrenal gland. give t

Question

produced and their functions . For cach region/zone of the adrenal gland. give the hormone(s) Functions Hormones) Zona fasciculata Zona reticularis Adrenal medulla se uter on. A ng table. s decr s 201 DH 9. Use the intenet and the glossary in your texthook to complete the followi Abaormality Definition hormone hyperseeretion Hypo- or Hyposecretion Polyuria & glucosuria Excessive urine: glucose in Insulin nstri rine Geiter Keteacidosis Cretinisn Hirsutisnm Hypoglycemia Hyperthyroidism Acromegaly Cushing's disease Graves disease Diabetogenic effect Diabetes insipidus MAKE THE CONNECTION I. The hypothalamus produces TRH, which stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete TSH, which in turn stimulates thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormones (Ts and T4). Hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism can be due to changes in the secretion of any of the above hormones. If the changes are in the thyroid itself, the disorder is said to be primary. If the change is due to the 34

Explanation / Answer

8Q ANS : Adrenal gland is divided into two parts , adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla . Adrenal cortex is further divided into zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zona reticularis .

Zona glomerulosa secretes ALDOSTERONE responsible for sodium and water retention in the body .

Zona fasciculata secretes GLUCOCORTICOIDS ( like cortisol ) , which regulate carbohydrate,protein and fat metabolism .

Zona reticularis secretes SEX HORMONES ( like androgens ). Androgens exert masculinizing effects and promote anabolism and growth .

Adrenal medulla secretes EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE , which mimic actions of sympathetic nervous system and also exert metabolic effects that include glycogenolysis in liver and skeletal muscle, mobilisation of free fatty acids .

9Q ANS :

CONDITION - DEFINITION - HORMONE RESPONSIBLE- HYPO/HYPER

GOITER- swelling of thyroid gland- thyroid hormone- hypo/hyperthyroidism

KETOACIDOSIS- Excess ketones in blood - insulin - hyposecretion

CRETINISM- Hypothyroidism in childhood - thyroid- hyposecretion

HIRSUTISM--hair growth on female face - androgens-hypersecretion

HYPOGLYCEMIA-- Decreased blood glucose - insulin- hypersecretion

HYPERTHYROIDISM- increased thyroid levels in blood - thyroid--hypersecretion

ACROMEGALY - Excess growth hormone in adults - growth hormone- hypersecretion

CUSHING'S - Excess cortisol in blood - cortisol - hypersecretion

GRAVES - Autoimmune disease of thyroid - thyroid - hypersecretion

DIBETOGENIC effect - causing diabetes - insulin- hyposecretion

DIABETES INSIPIDUS - increased thirst and urination - Anti diuretic hormone - Hyposecretion

MAKE THE CONNECTION

1) a : TSH,T3 and T4 Levels are elevated

b: hyperthyrood

C: secondary

d: As the levels of the thyroid hormones are elevated the patient is hyperthyroid . TSH levels are elevated due to increased secretion by pituitary , therefore is SECONDARY HYPERTHYROIDISM

2) The diagnosis is HYPERTHYROIDISM , .as the patient presented with the symptoms of increased heart rate , heat intolerance , anxiety , loss of heat etc

TSH , T3 and T4 Levels should be tested .

Heat intolerance, weight loss , increased sweating are due to increased metabolic rate.

Increased heart rate , nervousness are due overactivity of sympathetic nervous system .

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