4 The disease diabetes mellitus is due to either destruction of the cells that p

Question

4 The disease diabetes mellitus is due to either destruction of the cells that produce insulin or a decrease in sensitivity of target cells to circulating insulin. How would this afflect the level of glucose in the blood? Why? of tumor in the pancreas called a glucagonoma produces and releases excess glucagon into the blood How would this affect the level of glucose in the blood? Would the overall effect on blood glucose differ from that of type I diabetes mellitus? Why or why not? 6 In the condition hyperthyroidism, patients have elevated levels of both T3 and T4 due to a malfunction of the immune system that causes the thyroid gland to overproduce thyroid hormones. Do you think the negative feedback loops would lead to high levels of TSH or low levels of TSH? Explain 16 7 In case 3 of Exercise 16-4 (p. 437), we saw that Professor Purple had insufficient antidiuretic hormone (ADH) However, the opposite condition can also accur in which excess ADH is present, called syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion, Predict the symptoms of this condition.

Explanation / Answer

4) Diabetes mellitus is a condition characterised by increase in blood sugar levels. Diabetes mellitus is of two types: type 1 and type 2. In diabetes mellitus type 1, there is destruction of insulin secreting beta cells of the pancreas and in type 2, there is reduced sensitivity of insulin receptors to insulin in the peripheral tissues. Insulin is responsible for lowering if blood glucose levels by stimulating glycolysis, glycogenesis and fatty acid synthesis. Therefore either absolute or relative lack of insulin will lead to increase in blood sugar levels.

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