1.Respond to the following questions pertaining to the spinal cord. a.) What is

Question

1.Respond to the following questions pertaining to the spinal cord.

a.) What is a nerve pathway?

b.) What is a monosynaptic reflex?

c.) What type of neurons conduct nerve impulses along an efferent pathway?

d.) How would you do the calcaneal reflex? What nerve would you be making an assessment of by performing this reflext test, and specifically, which area of the spinal cord?

e.) THe patellar reflex assesses which nerve and what section of the spinal cord? Explain this reflex in detail.

f.) Describe a normal plantar reflex.

g.) Describe babinski's sign. Is this normal in an adult?

h.) Why is reflex testing an important diagnostic tool in physical examinations?

i.) Do spinal reflexes require integration processing at the level of the brain? Explain.

j.) What type of neurons would most likely be damaged by amyotropic lateral sclerosis?

Explanation / Answer

1.Spinal cord:

a. A nerve pathway is a total number of neurons connecting sensory organs to spinal cord to motor organs .

b. A reflex pathway involving one sensory and one motor neuron with a single synapse is a monosynaptic reflex.

c.Motor neurons are involved in carrying efferent signals.

d. Calcaneal reflex is done by tapping the achilles tendon while dorsiflexing the foot.

This is used to assess S1 nerve root and S1 segment of spinal cord.

e.The patellar reflex assess the L4 nerve root and L4 segment of spinal cord.

When the patellar tendon on knee cap is tapped the foot automatically follows a kicking movement.

f. A plantar reflex is the downward flexing of foot in response to an external stimulus.

g. In babinski sign, the normal plantar flexion is not seen due to damage to the motor neurons .

Here instead of plantar flexion dorsiflexion occurs when foot is stimulated .

h.Reflex testing can be used to diagnose the normal functioning of the nervous system.

i.Spinal reflex is involuntary and do not involve processing at the level of the brain.

j.Amyotropic lateral sclerosis damage the motor neurons.

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