please answer all the questions answering only one question is not helpful Quest

Question

please answer all the questions answering only one question is not helpful

Question 21

According to Penfield’s motor homunculus, which body parts receive the most neural input from the motor cortex.

a) hip and knees

b) head and face

c) trunk and shoulders

d) ankle and toes

Question 22

The only neurotransmitter used for signaling by the Purkinje neurons is ________.

a) glutamate

b) glycine

c) dopamine

d) GABA

Question 23

Which of the following would result in the largest degree of Purkinje cell inactivation?

a) death of thousands of surrounding granule cells

b) death of thousands of surrounding inferior olive cells

c) increasing the area of the dendrites of the Purkinje cell

d) activation of thousands of surrounding granule cells

Question 24

Learning to turn the wheel of a car sliding on ice in the opposite direction that the car is sliding in a slow, controlled fashion is an example of what sort of learned behavior.

a) adaptive feedforward control

b) adaptive feedback control

c) learned avoidance

d) reward-seeking

Question 25

Which of the of the following is a true statement regarding the functions of the cerebellum?

a) the cerebellum’s primary role is for fine-tuning movements and balance very little influence on cognition

b) all projections of the cerebellum synapse within the cerebellum

c) the cerebellum has neuronal connections with the VOR, motor cortex, and prefrontal cortex and therefore refines movement and balance as well as influences cognition

d) the cerebellum is a completely autonomous structure within the brain

Question 26

Sensory neurons that respond to inflammation, extremes of temperatures, or other painful (noxious) stimuli are referred to as _____________________.

a) chemoreceptors

b) mechanoreceptors

c) photoreceptors

d) nociceptors

Question 27

In this figure what best describes the activity of off center retinal ganglion cells.

a) they are being excited by an inhibitory surround

b) they are being inhibited by an excitatory surround

c) they are being excited by an excitatory surround

d) they are being inhibited by an inhibitory surround

Question 28

Orientation preference of straight-line stimuli across the primary visual cortex is arranged in a _______________ pattern.

a) cross

b) pinwheel

c) square

d) diffuse

Question 29

Place in order the activity from a face-selective neuron in the temporal cortex of a monkey from low neural activity (1) to highest neural activity (5) for the visual stimuli listed below.

human face

         cartoon of a human face        

scrambled image

         monkey face with no eyes        

piece of fruit

         Question 30 What is a major different between olfactory and visual or somatosensory projections?

a) the area of the cortex dedicated to olfaction is much larger than visual or somatosensory inputs

b) olfactory receptive fields are very specifically mapped from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex

c) olfactory pathways/cortex is non-topographic and highly divergent

d) pyramidal neurons of the olfactory cortex are more sensitive than that of the visual or somatosensory cortex

a) hip and knees

b) head and face

Explanation / Answer

21. The ankle and toes are represented at the top of the cerebral hemisphere according to the brain mapping in motor homunculus (or more accurately, "the upper end", since the inwards cortex curls and down at the top), and then as we move downwardly the hemisphere, there will be represented the progressively higher parts of the body.

22. Neurotransmitter called GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) released by Purkinje cells, which produces inhibitory actions on neurons and thus reduces the nerve impulses transmission.

23.death of thousands of surrounding granule cells.

c) learned avoidance is the learned response to the unfavorable environment.

c) learned avoidance is the learned response to the unfavorable environment.

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