So for the two questions, I think #1 is A and #2 is either B or E. I\'m not sure
ID: 3521932 • Letter: S
Question
So for the two questions, I think #1 is A and #2 is either B or E. I'm not sure, please clarify this. THANK YOU
1. A small change in arterial PO2 from normal levels causes very little change in minute ventilation, while a small change in PCO2 from normal levels has a large effect on minute ventilation. Which of your experimental trials (and the results it generated) does the best job of supporting this?
a. Deep breathing (hyperventilating), because student breath-hold times were longer than those following the control trial, and only one variable was changed from the control trial.
b. Maximum exhalation, because students couldn't hold their breaths for as long as the control trial, and only one variable was changed from the control trial.
c. Exercising, because it was the trial for which student breath-hold times were the shortest of any trial.
d. Rebreathing in a bag for two minutes because student breath-hold times were shorter than those following the control trial, and no other trial lasted as long.
2. Which of the choices below best explains why breath-hold times were shorter following a maximal exhalation than they were following the control trial (maximal inhalation)?
Following a maximal exhalation, the subject blew off more CO2 prior to holding his/her breath than during the control trial. As a result, the arterial PCO2 levels were lower at the start of the breath-hold than they were for the control trial, causing a longer time to pass before triggering the subject to take a breath.
Following a maximal exhalation, the volume of air in the lungs that CO2 could diffuse into from the blood was decreased. Consequently, following a maximal exhalation, it took less time for arterial PCO2 to rise to a level which triggered the subject to take a breath.
Because the lung volume was smaller following a maximal exhalation, there was less O2 available for the subject to use. Consequently, the oxygen was used up faster following a maximal exhalation, which triggered the subject to take a breath faster.
Following a maximal exhalation, the rate of CO2 production was greater than in the control trial. Consequently, following a maximal exhalation, it took less time for arterial PCO2 to rise to a level which triggered the subject to take a breath.
The arterial PCO2 levels were higher prior to the initiation of the breath-hold following a maximal exhalation than they were for the control trial. As a result, following a maximal exhalation, PCO2 rose to a level which triggered the subject to take a breath faster.
Following a maximal exhalation, the subject blew off more CO2 prior to holding his/her breath than during the control trial. As a result, the arterial PCO2 levels were lower at the start of the breath-hold than they were for the control trial, causing a longer time to pass before triggering the subject to take a breath.
b.Following a maximal exhalation, the volume of air in the lungs that CO2 could diffuse into from the blood was decreased. Consequently, following a maximal exhalation, it took less time for arterial PCO2 to rise to a level which triggered the subject to take a breath.
c.Because the lung volume was smaller following a maximal exhalation, there was less O2 available for the subject to use. Consequently, the oxygen was used up faster following a maximal exhalation, which triggered the subject to take a breath faster.
d.Following a maximal exhalation, the rate of CO2 production was greater than in the control trial. Consequently, following a maximal exhalation, it took less time for arterial PCO2 to rise to a level which triggered the subject to take a breath.
e.The arterial PCO2 levels were higher prior to the initiation of the breath-hold following a maximal exhalation than they were for the control trial. As a result, following a maximal exhalation, PCO2 rose to a level which triggered the subject to take a breath faster.
Explanation / Answer
1.A
a. Deep breathing (hyperventilating), because student breath-hold times were longer than those following the control trial, and only one variable was changed from the control trial.
2.E
The arterial PCO2 levels were higher prior to the initiation of the breath-hold following a maximal exhalation than they were for the control trial. As a result, following a maximal exhalation, PCO2 rose to a level which triggered the subject to take a breath faster.
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