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10. Imagine that a patient is admitted to the hospital after falling from the se

ID: 3521407 • Letter: 1

Question

10. Imagine that a patient is admitted to the hospital after falling from the second-story window of her apartment. Tests reveal no injuries other than some swelling in the brain. Why, then, would her breathing become irregular? A) Her tissues require more oxygen for healing B) The respiratory center in the lungs is malfunctioning due to a lack of carbon dioxide C) The damage to the brain is affecting the respiratory center in the medulla D) Her swollen brain is causing a decrease in blood pressure 11. The passive reabsorption of HCO3 occurs in the A) Proximal part of loop of Henle B) Distal part of the proximal convoluted tubule C) Proximal part of proximal convoluted tubule D) Collecting ducts 12. A person taking antibiotics must take pills several times each day to maintain effective concentrations in the blood. This is because of A) The antibiotic might change acid- base balance B) Tubular reabsorption. C) Tubular secretion. D) A decrease in angiotensin.

Explanation / Answer

10) Swelling of the brain or cerebral edema can exert pressure on the respiratory centers present in the brain stem causing irregular respiration. It is a part of Cushing's reflex. Cushing reflex states that raised intra-cranial pressure causes increased blood pressure, irregular respiration and bradycardia. So, the answer for this question is option C (damage to the brain is affecting the respiratory center in the medulla).

11) The passive reabsorption of bicarbonate occurs in the proximal part of the proximal convoluted tubule.

12) A person taking antibiotics must take pills several times each day to maintain effective concentrations in the blood. This is because of tubular secretion that occurs in the nephrons of the kidney which excrete antibiotics and decrease their concentration in blood (option C).