please answer all the questions 1. Place the following events in the order they

Question

please answer all the questions
1. Place the following events in the order they occur in the phototransduction cascade.

Light interacts with a molecule of retinal causing isomerization   

Transducin is activated

An opsin molecule is activated

Phosphodiesterases are activated

cGMP is degraded   

the photoreceptor hyperpolarizes   

cyclic nucleotide-gated channels close

the amount of neurotransmitter released decreases

2.Hair cell depolarization in the inner ear is normally the result of

a) deflection by “sound waves” (variations in air pressure)

b) deflection by fluid movement in the cochlea

c) action potentials arriving from the auditory nerve

d) none of the above are true

3. You are a scientist studying mechanosensation, and are performing electrical recordings on a single mechanosensory axon that innervates a finger. You find that when slight pressure is applied to the finger, the axon responds with multiple action potentials that do not decrease in frequency over time. You have likely found an axon associated with which cell type/structure?

a) Merkel cells

b) Pacinian corpuscles

c) Meissner’s corpuscles

d) None of the above

4. A patient is badly burned, and much of the epidermis is destroyed, along with the most superficial layers of the dermis. Which mechanosensory function is most likely to be retained in this patient?

a) The ability to detect slight mechanical indentation of the skin

b) The ability to detect low frequency vibration

c) The ability to detect high frequency vibration

d) None of the above

5. An inhibitor that broadly targets G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) would not affect...

a) olfaction

b) vision

c) umami tase

d) salt taste

6. Which of the following sensory systems does NOT relay information through the thalamus?

a) visual

b) auditory

c) gustatory

d) olfactory

7.

Senses work together to provide accurate/meaningful information about the environment around us. For example, gustation and olfaction work together closely to provide a broad range of flavors in food & drink (imagine when you had a cold and could only taste the basic flavors).  

What's another example of two sensory systems working together very closely? What happens when that cooperation is interrupted?

Explanation / Answer

1. A- Light interacts with a molecule of retinal causing isomerization

B-Transducin is activated

C-phosphodiesters are activated

D-cyclic nucleotide gated channels close

E-the photoreceptor hyperpolarizes

F-the amount of neurotransmitter released decreases

G- an opsin molecule is activated

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