How do Diabetes Mellitus (both types 1 and 2) begin and how does this disease pe

Question

How do Diabetes Mellitus (both types 1 and 2) begin and how does this disease persist in the human body? What are the physiological processes involved in this disease and how are the various systems affected by diabetes? What are some treatment options and will they cure diabetes? How do Diabetes Mellitus (both types 1 and 2) begin and how does this disease persist in the human body? What are the physiological processes involved in this disease and how are the various systems affected by diabetes? What are some treatment options and will they cure diabetes?

Explanation / Answer

Diabetes: It is a metabolic disease it is mainly happens due to the high levels of glucose (blood sugar) in the blood or inadequate production of insulin. Diabetes Types:

Type I diabetes: It is also known as juvenile diabetes, or insulin-dependent diabetes (this name is not adequate as type II diabetes may become insulin-dependent), is the impaired production of insulin by the pancreas believed to be caused by destruction of cells of the islets of Langerhans by auto antibodies (autoimmunity).

Type II diabetes: It is happens due to the disorder in the metabolism characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, insulin resistance with symptoms of increased thirst (Polydipsia), urination (Polyuria), weight loss, tired, hunger (Polyphagia) etc. It mostly occurs in obese patients. Type 2 usually affects adults, but it can begin at any time in your life.

When the blood glucose levels are too high then B cells in the ilets of the langerhans, in the pancrease will secrete insulin. Insulin is a protein hormone that is secreted into the blood and make muscle cell absorbs more glucose. When the blood glucose levels are too low then a cells in the ilets of the langerhans, in the pancrease will secrete hormone glucagon. The high glucose levels of blood are antagonistically regulated by insulin and glucogon. Normal person’s glucose levels in blood are nearly demonstrated between 3.9 and 5.5 mmol/L (70 to 100 mg/dL). If the insulin levels are low or absent, then the glucose concentration in the plasma exceeds and the uncontrolled glucose concentration leads to many diseases.

Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes:

Overweight or obesity

Impaired glucose tolerance

Insulin resistance

Ethnic background

Sedentary lifestyle

Family history

Age (If you're over 45 and overweight)

Diabetes affect on other parts:

In our body the diabetes can leads to long term complications and this damage is referred as diabetic complications.

In diabetes nerves and blood vessels are highly affected, so gradually other body parts may affect. However, certain parts of our body are affected more than other parts, including the:

Heart and blood vessels

Eyes

Kidneys

Nerves

Gastrointestinal tract

Gums and teeth

Symptoms of diabetes:

Increased thirst and urination

Blurred vision

Numbness or tingling in the feet or hands

Increased hunger

Unexplained weight loss

Daily and long term challenges:

Daily:

1. Monitoring blood glucose

2. Insulin shots:

3. Remembering what you are (aware about your about difference, eating habits and psychological issue).

Long Term:

1. Cost of medication and equipment

2. Maintaining your H1ac levels

Treatment:

Good and healthy eating habits can reduce diabetes

Physical activity

Keep your vaccinations up to date

Lifestyle changes:

Make a commitment to managing your diabetes

Make physical activity part of your daily routine

Choose healthy foods and maintain a healthy weight

Guidelines:

Keep your vaccinations up to date

Keep your blood pressure and cholesterol under control

Quit smoking and other types of tobacco products consumption

Avoid alcohol, do so responsibly

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