1. According to the article, what is the environmental factor that causes hypert

Question

1. According to the article, what is the environmental factor that causes hypertension? (1 point)

2, Quote something from the article that your answer to question 1 is correct. (1 point)

3, In the background section the authors wrote “The cascade starts with an ?2-globulin angiotensinogen (AGT), which is produced constitutively and released into the circulation, chiefly by the liver. A substrate for renin (secreted by kidneys), AGT is converted into the decapeptide angiotensin 1 (Ang I), and subsequently by angiotensin converting enzyme I (ACE I) to the octapeptide Ang II. By the action of ACE-2, AngnII activity is terminated by its conversion to Ang 1-7.” Using this quote, what coverts AGT to Ang I? (1 point)

4. How do you know that your answer to question 3 is correct? (1 point)

**reference***
https://bmcphysiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12899-015-0016-6

Explanation / Answer

1. Hypertension is thought to be caused by both genetic and environmental factors, with varying combinations in different individuals. Proposed environmental factors include exposure to chronic stress, obesity alcohol and salt intake, andphysical inactivity. There are also age and sex differences in blood pressure. Body and extremity position, activity and exercise, food, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and psychological stress are behavioral factors which alter blood pressure.

2. Quotes from the article: A sexually dimorphic trend of hypertension was observed in males and females as observed by a significant interaction of Sex" suggesting that male sex has more incidence of hypertension.

"The data demonstrates that antenatal MLPD female offspring had significantly higher mean arterial blood pressure, compared to the offspring from dams on the normal diet." shows importance of maternal nutrition during gestation in the genesis of hypertension in the adult offspring.

"Accumulating evidence suggests that antenatal maternal protein deprivation can lead to the development of hypertension in the offspring"

3. Angiotensinogen is a precursor protein made in the liver for a hormone called angiotensin I. Essentially, "RENIN" catalyzes a reaction that converts theangiotensinogen protein into angiotensin I, which is a precursor hormone that is converted to an active hormone called angiotensin II by an enzyme known asangiotensin converting enzyme 1 .

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