Final exam for A&P 1 LAST CHAPTERS REVIEW BIOL 223 - What is the sequence action

Question

Final exam for A&P 1 LAST CHAPTERS REVIEW BIOL 223
- What is the sequence action potential to reach the lateral olfactory area of the brain? (tract, bulb, cortex) - Why does inhaling deeply and slowly through the nose help you identify an odor? (suck in air, taking in more odorant which absorbs more) - What should happen in order for a molecule to be detected by the olfactory neurons? - What is the role of the lateral olfactory area? Smell - What are the special senses? - What are the sensory structures that detect taste? - Which type of papilli are not associated with the taste buds? Which are the most sensitive taste buds found in the tongue? - Damage to which cranial nerve would impair the sense of taste? (glossopharyngeal and facial) - What are gustatory cells? - If you taste a cake frosting with the tip of your tongue, the sensations are carried by which cranial nerve? - What are palpebrae? - What is the purpose of the blink reflex? - What do you call inflammation of the ciliary glands of the eyelashes? (a sty) - Pink eye is the inflammation of what structure? - What do we call the transparent mucous membrane that covers the anterior surface of the eye? (conjunctiva) - When are tears produced and what do they do? - Why does someone’s nose run when they cry? - What are the nerves that innervate the eye muscles? - What is the outermost tunic of the eyeball? - What do we call the transparent anterior portion of the sclera? (cornea) - What would increased fluid accumulation in the cornea result in? (it will scatter the light rays) - Why is the cornea relatively easy to transplant? (avascular – lower rejection rate) - What part of the eye is the vascular tube? - What is the ciliary body attached to? - If you have bright sunlight entering your eye, what structures control the amount of light? - What is the contractile structure that surrounds the pupil? - What do we call the area of greatest visual acuity? - What is optic disc? - What is fovea centralis? - What is blindspot? - What is macula lutea? - Where do we find the Canal of Schlemm? (corner of the anterior chamber of the eye to drain the excess aqueous humor to treat glaucoma) - What separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the eye? - What functions are carried out by both aqueous and vitreous humor? - What is the function of the vitreous humor? - What is glaucoma? - What should happen to the lens to focus on objects further than 20 feet? (lens would be elongated) - What happens to the lens if you try to focus on the tip of your nose? (lens would be more spherical) - What factor affects depth of focus? (length of the eye or size of the pupil) - What is the pigmented layer of the retina? - Where do you find rhodopsin? - What could cause night blindness? (lack of rhodopsin) - What does light and dark adaptation involve? - What cells are responsible for color vision? - Why are humans able to distinguish several million shades of color? (we have different proportions of cone cells, with different wave lengths – high, medium, low) - Where are photo receptor cells located? - Damage to the left side of the brain near the visual cortex would result in which changes? (both eyes, because the tracts cross) - If all vision in left eye is lost, what was damaged? (the optic nerve on the left side of the eye) - What is myopia? Hyperopia? Presbyopia? Astigmatism? - Which portion of the ear contains sense portions for hearing and balance? (inner ear) - Where does the external ear end at? (tympanic membrane or eardrum) - What is the function of the auditory tube and what is the other name for it? (Eustachian tube which connects the ear to the larynx to alleviate air pressure) - What structures transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the oval window? (auditory ossicles) - Where do we find the organ of corti? - Where are the sensory cells for hearing located? - Which nerve carries auditory impulses to the vestibulocochlear nerve? (cochlear nerve) - What determines the position of the head with respect to gravity? (movement of otoliths in response to gravity) - What helps a person detect movement in all directions? (semicircular canals) - If you have damage to the vestibular branch of your vestibulocochlear nerve, what program will that cause? (balance) Final exam for A&P 1 LAST CHAPTERS REVIEW BIOL 223
- What is the sequence action potential to reach the lateral olfactory area of the brain? (tract, bulb, cortex) - Why does inhaling deeply and slowly through the nose help you identify an odor? (suck in air, taking in more odorant which absorbs more) - What should happen in order for a molecule to be detected by the olfactory neurons? - What is the role of the lateral olfactory area? Smell - What are the special senses? - What are the sensory structures that detect taste? - Which type of papilli are not associated with the taste buds? Which are the most sensitive taste buds found in the tongue? - Damage to which cranial nerve would impair the sense of taste? (glossopharyngeal and facial) - What are gustatory cells? - If you taste a cake frosting with the tip of your tongue, the sensations are carried by which cranial nerve? - What are palpebrae? - What is the purpose of the blink reflex? - What do you call inflammation of the ciliary glands of the eyelashes? (a sty) - Pink eye is the inflammation of what structure? - What do we call the transparent mucous membrane that covers the anterior surface of the eye? (conjunctiva) - When are tears produced and what do they do? - Why does someone’s nose run when they cry? - What are the nerves that innervate the eye muscles? - What is the outermost tunic of the eyeball? - What do we call the transparent anterior portion of the sclera? (cornea) - What would increased fluid accumulation in the cornea result in? (it will scatter the light rays) - Why is the cornea relatively easy to transplant? (avascular – lower rejection rate) - What part of the eye is the vascular tube? - What is the ciliary body attached to? - If you have bright sunlight entering your eye, what structures control the amount of light? - What is the contractile structure that surrounds the pupil? - What do we call the area of greatest visual acuity? - What is optic disc? - What is fovea centralis? - What is blindspot? - What is macula lutea? - Where do we find the Canal of Schlemm? (corner of the anterior chamber of the eye to drain the excess aqueous humor to treat glaucoma) - What separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the eye? - What functions are carried out by both aqueous and vitreous humor? - What is the function of the vitreous humor? - What is glaucoma? - What should happen to the lens to focus on objects further than 20 feet? (lens would be elongated) - What happens to the lens if you try to focus on the tip of your nose? (lens would be more spherical) - What factor affects depth of focus? (length of the eye or size of the pupil) - What is the pigmented layer of the retina? - Where do you find rhodopsin? - What could cause night blindness? (lack of rhodopsin) - What does light and dark adaptation involve? - What cells are responsible for color vision? - Why are humans able to distinguish several million shades of color? (we have different proportions of cone cells, with different wave lengths – high, medium, low) - Where are photo receptor cells located? - Damage to the left side of the brain near the visual cortex would result in which changes? (both eyes, because the tracts cross) - If all vision in left eye is lost, what was damaged? (the optic nerve on the left side of the eye) - What is myopia? Hyperopia? Presbyopia? Astigmatism? - Which portion of the ear contains sense portions for hearing and balance? (inner ear) - Where does the external ear end at? (tympanic membrane or eardrum) - What is the function of the auditory tube and what is the other name for it? (Eustachian tube which connects the ear to the larynx to alleviate air pressure) - What structures transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the oval window? (auditory ossicles) - Where do we find the organ of corti? - Where are the sensory cells for hearing located? - Which nerve carries auditory impulses to the vestibulocochlear nerve? (cochlear nerve) - What determines the position of the head with respect to gravity? (movement of otoliths in response to gravity) - What helps a person detect movement in all directions? (semicircular canals) - If you have damage to the vestibular branch of your vestibulocochlear nerve, what program will that cause? (balance) LAST CHAPTERS REVIEW BIOL 223
- What is the sequence action potential to reach the lateral olfactory area of the brain? (tract, bulb, cortex) - Why does inhaling deeply and slowly through the nose help you identify an odor? (suck in air, taking in more odorant which absorbs more) - What should happen in order for a molecule to be detected by the olfactory neurons? - What is the role of the lateral olfactory area? Smell - What are the special senses? - What are the sensory structures that detect taste? - Which type of papilli are not associated with the taste buds? Which are the most sensitive taste buds found in the tongue? - Damage to which cranial nerve would impair the sense of taste? (glossopharyngeal and facial) - What are gustatory cells? - If you taste a cake frosting with the tip of your tongue, the sensations are carried by which cranial nerve? - What are palpebrae? - What is the purpose of the blink reflex? - What do you call inflammation of the ciliary glands of the eyelashes? (a sty) - Pink eye is the inflammation of what structure? - What do we call the transparent mucous membrane that covers the anterior surface of the eye? (conjunctiva) - When are tears produced and what do they do? - Why does someone’s nose run when they cry? - What are the nerves that innervate the eye muscles? - What is the outermost tunic of the eyeball? - What do we call the transparent anterior portion of the sclera? (cornea) - What would increased fluid accumulation in the cornea result in? (it will scatter the light rays) - Why is the cornea relatively easy to transplant? (avascular – lower rejection rate) - What part of the eye is the vascular tube? - What is the ciliary body attached to? - If you have bright sunlight entering your eye, what structures control the amount of light? - What is the contractile structure that surrounds the pupil? - What do we call the area of greatest visual acuity? - What is optic disc? - What is fovea centralis? - What is blindspot? - What is macula lutea? - Where do we find the Canal of Schlemm? (corner of the anterior chamber of the eye to drain the excess aqueous humor to treat glaucoma) - What separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the eye? - What functions are carried out by both aqueous and vitreous humor? - What is the function of the vitreous humor? - What is glaucoma? - What should happen to the lens to focus on objects further than 20 feet? (lens would be elongated) - What happens to the lens if you try to focus on the tip of your nose? (lens would be more spherical) - What factor affects depth of focus? (length of the eye or size of the pupil) - What is the pigmented layer of the retina? - Where do you find rhodopsin? - What could cause night blindness? (lack of rhodopsin) - What does light and dark adaptation involve? - What cells are responsible for color vision? - Why are humans able to distinguish several million shades of color? (we have different proportions of cone cells, with different wave lengths – high, medium, low) - Where are photo receptor cells located? - Damage to the left side of the brain near the visual cortex would result in which changes? (both eyes, because the tracts cross) - If all vision in left eye is lost, what was damaged? (the optic nerve on the left side of the eye) - What is myopia? Hyperopia? Presbyopia? Astigmatism? - Which portion of the ear contains sense portions for hearing and balance? (inner ear) - Where does the external ear end at? (tympanic membrane or eardrum) - What is the function of the auditory tube and what is the other name for it? (Eustachian tube which connects the ear to the larynx to alleviate air pressure) - What structures transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the oval window? (auditory ossicles) - Where do we find the organ of corti? - Where are the sensory cells for hearing located? - Which nerve carries auditory impulses to the vestibulocochlear nerve? (cochlear nerve) - What determines the position of the head with respect to gravity? (movement of otoliths in response to gravity) - What helps a person detect movement in all directions? (semicircular canals) - If you have damage to the vestibular branch of your vestibulocochlear nerve, what program will that cause? (balance) LAST CHAPTERS REVIEW BIOL 223
- What is the sequence action potential to reach the lateral olfactory area of the brain? (tract, bulb, cortex) - Why does inhaling deeply and slowly through the nose help you identify an odor? (suck in air, taking in more odorant which absorbs more) - What should happen in order for a molecule to be detected by the olfactory neurons? - What is the role of the lateral olfactory area? Smell - What are the special senses? - What are the sensory structures that detect taste? - Which type of papilli are not associated with the taste buds? Which are the most sensitive taste buds found in the tongue? - Damage to which cranial nerve would impair the sense of taste? (glossopharyngeal and facial) - What are gustatory cells? - If you taste a cake frosting with the tip of your tongue, the sensations are carried by which cranial nerve? - What are palpebrae? - What is the purpose of the blink reflex? - What do you call inflammation of the ciliary glands of the eyelashes? (a sty) - Pink eye is the inflammation of what structure? - What do we call the transparent mucous membrane that covers the anterior surface of the eye? (conjunctiva) - When are tears produced and what do they do? - Why does someone’s nose run when they cry? - What are the nerves that innervate the eye muscles? - What is the outermost tunic of the eyeball? - What do we call the transparent anterior portion of the sclera? (cornea) - What would increased fluid accumulation in the cornea result in? (it will scatter the light rays) - Why is the cornea relatively easy to transplant? (avascular – lower rejection rate) - What part of the eye is the vascular tube? - What is the ciliary body attached to? - If you have bright sunlight entering your eye, what structures control the amount of light? - What is the contractile structure that surrounds the pupil? - What do we call the area of greatest visual acuity? - What is optic disc? - What is fovea centralis? - What is blindspot? - What is macula lutea? - Where do we find the Canal of Schlemm? (corner of the anterior chamber of the eye to drain the excess aqueous humor to treat glaucoma) - What separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the eye? - What functions are carried out by both aqueous and vitreous humor? - What is the function of the vitreous humor? - What is glaucoma? - What should happen to the lens to focus on objects further than 20 feet? (lens would be elongated) - What happens to the lens if you try to focus on the tip of your nose? (lens would be more spherical) - What factor affects depth of focus? (length of the eye or size of the pupil) - What is the pigmented layer of the retina? - Where do you find rhodopsin? - What could cause night blindness? (lack of rhodopsin) - What does light and dark adaptation involve? - What cells are responsible for color vision? - Why are humans able to distinguish several million shades of color? (we have different proportions of cone cells, with different wave lengths – high, medium, low) - Where are photo receptor cells located? - Damage to the left side of the brain near the visual cortex would result in which changes? (both eyes, because the tracts cross) - If all vision in left eye is lost, what was damaged? (the optic nerve on the left side of the eye) - What is myopia? Hyperopia? Presbyopia? Astigmatism? - Which portion of the ear contains sense portions for hearing and balance? (inner ear) - Where does the external ear end at? (tympanic membrane or eardrum) - What is the function of the auditory tube and what is the other name for it? (Eustachian tube which connects the ear to the larynx to alleviate air pressure) - What structures transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the oval window? (auditory ossicles) - Where do we find the organ of corti? - Where are the sensory cells for hearing located? - Which nerve carries auditory impulses to the vestibulocochlear nerve? (cochlear nerve) - What determines the position of the head with respect to gravity? (movement of otoliths in response to gravity) - What helps a person detect movement in all directions? (semicircular canals) - If you have damage to the vestibular branch of your vestibulocochlear nerve, what program will that cause? (balance)

Explanation / Answer

1. What is the sequence action potential to reach the lateral olfactory area of the brain? (tract, bulb, cortex)

- olfactory bulb, olfactory tract, olfactory cortex.

2. Why does inhaling deeply and slowly through the nose help you identify an odor? (suck in air, taking in more odorant which absorbs more)

- When inhaling deeply slowly through the nose, more amount of air that brings the odor comes in contact with the olfactory epithelium present in the nasal cavity.

3. What should happen in order for a molecule to be detected by the olfactory neurons?

- The molecule carried by air that enters the nasal cavity must be dissolved in the fluid that covers the olfactory epithelium, only then molecule will be detected by the olfactory neurons.

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