Exercise 23-4 Tracing Steps: 1 Cookie: Start: mouth Tracing Exercises MATERIALS

Question

Exercise 23-4 Tracing Steps: 1 Cookie: Start: mouth Tracing Exercises MATERIALS O Laminated outline of Water-soluble the human body marking pens Now it's time to put all of the digestive anatomy and physiology together to get a "big picture" view of the digestive system. In this exercise you will trace the pathway that three different nutrients take from their ingestion at the mouth to their arrival at the heart. You will trace a cookie (primarily carbohydrates), an egg (primarily protein), and a greasy french fry (primarily lipids) heart End 2 Egg: Start: mouth- Along the way, detail the following for each: 1. The anatomical pathway that each takes, from ingestion through its passage through the alimentary canal, to its absorption into the blood, and finally to its passage through the blood until it reaches the heart. 2. The physical and chemical processes that break down each substance, including enzymatic breakdown, churning, chewing, and emulsification. Some hints: Don't forget that most nutrients travel through the hepatic portal system before they enter the general circulation. Remember that digestion and absorption are quite different for lipids. For example, fats are not absorbed into the intestinal blood capillaries. Use your list of enzymes that you completed in Pre-Lab Exercise 23-3 for reference. heart End 3 Greasy french fry: Start: mouth Refer to the tracing exercises from Unit 17 (p. 201-203) and Unit 20 (p. 234) to review the pathway of blood and lymph flow through the body. > heart End Exercises for the Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory

Explanation / Answer

1) saliva secreted in the oral cavity contains salivary amylase enzyme. About 30% of starch is digested into a disaccharide-maltose at a pH of 6.8. carbohydrates in the chyme are hydrolysed by pancreatic amylase. Polysaccharides gets converted into disaccharides. In the intestine, maltose converts into two molecules of glucose by maltase enzyme., Lactose sugar converts into a glucose and a galactose by lactase enzyme sucrose converts into glucose and fructose by sucrase/invertase enzyme.

Absorption of carbohydrates- in stomach absorption of simple sugar takes place. In small intestine the final products of digestion like glucose, fructose absorbed through mucosa into blood vessels.

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