Section Date UNIT 16 Check Your Understanding Critical Thinking and Application
ID: 3515988 • Letter: S
Question
Section Date UNIT 16 Check Your Understanding Critical Thinking and Application Questions REVIEW 1 How does the way in which the hypothalamus communicates with the anterior and posterior pituitary glands differ? How does this reflect the functional differences of the anterior and post erior pituitary glands? Tumors of the parathyroid gland often result in secretion of excess parathyroid hormone. Considering the function of this hormone, predict the effects of such a tumor. How would the effects change if the tum secreted calcitonin instead? 2 r. 3 A pheochromo ocytoma (fee-uh-kroh-muh-s-TOH-muh) is a tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. Predict the symptoms that you might see from this condition. Endocrine System UNIT 16Explanation / Answer
The hypothalamus contacts with posterior pituitary via neuronal tracts and to anterior pituitary via chemical hormones. This infers that Posterior pituitary can be considered as an extension of hypothalamus while anterior pituitary has a seperate origin. Further, it is seen that posterior pituitary produces no hormones of it's own and only stores and secretes the hormones produced by hypothalamus while the anterior pituitary synthesises and secretes its own hormones.
Parath-hormone helps in maintaing calcium and phosphorus balance in body. It helps to increase blood calcium level by demineralising bones, increasing calcium absorption from GIT etc. If parath-hormone is secreted in excess it may result in excess bone demineralisation leading to brittle and fragile bones and further to fractures and pain.
Due to excess calcium- kidney stones may develop. Kidney stones are calcium oxalate crystals.
In addition- mental confusion, pain in muscles, nausea, vomiting may also be seen.
If tumor secreted calcitonin, the effects will reverse. Blood calcium level drops. The major effect of this is neuromuscular irritability. In addition, tingling and numbness is also seen. The person becomes depressed and more irritable. Due to disturbance in electrolyte concentration, heart muscles contract irregularly.
The adrenal medulla basically secretes cathecolamines- adrenaline and noradrenaline. These hormones increase sympathatic response of body and prepare body for emergency. If secreted in excess, exaggerated and prolonged effects of these hormones may be seen. For example, high blood pressure, excess sweating, flushing, fast heartbeat, palpitations, anxiety and tremors. Weight loss also occurs. Nervousness is also seen.
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