4. Why is adult lactose tolerance frequent in that population? EXERCISE 7 THE SI

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4. Why is adult lactose tolerance frequent in that population? EXERCISE 7 THE SICKLE-CELL TRAIT ACTIVITY 1 Work with a small group or alone to complete this exercise. You are conducting a survey about human variation at the bus station. While conducting your survey, you meet a very large student tour group. The tour eroup has a high number of people who are carriers of the sickle-cell trait 1. Based on this information, what can you suggest about the group's geographic or cultural background? (Consider their economic practices, location in the world, and history) EXERCISE 8 THE SICKLE-CELL TRAIT ACTIVITY 2 Work with a small group or alone to complete this exercise. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD defi- ciency) is an inherited disorder where either the body has less of the G6PD enzyme than normal or the available G6PD is not functioning correctly. This deficiency impacts red blood cell function and may result in anemia (the destruction of red blood cells) when people with the condition have infections, are taking certain medications, or eat certain foods. People with G6PD deficiency may have some protection from malaria because their abnormal red blood cells interfere with the reproduction of the malaria parasite in their bodies 1. Consider the prevalence of G6PD deficiency estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO): Compare the distribution of G6PD deficiency to the distribution of the sickle-cell trait and malaria (Figure 8.11). What do you notice is similar? What is different? 111

Explanation / Answer

Sickle cell trait activity 1- sickle cell anemia is the disease where the morphology of the red blood cells is altered in oxygen depletion situation. This affects the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood thus causes organ or cell death. The distribution and prevalence of the sickle cell anemia is more in that geographical area where the prevalence of malaria is more like African countries and South East Asia regions of the world. The unhygienic habits and cultural background also increases the prevalence of malaria and thus also the sickle cell disease.

Sickle cell trait activity 2- After comparing and plotting distribution of the G6PD, and sickle cell anemia and malaria on the world map, the prevalence of all the diseases are in the different geographical areas are seen. G6PD has a beneficial role in sickle cell anemia disease. G6PD disease prevents sickeling of the cell due to deficiency of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase enzymes.

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