Name Section UNIT 28 REVIEWw Date Check Your Understanding Critical Thinking and
ID: 3514897 • Letter: N
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Name Section UNIT 28 REVIEWw Date Check Your Understanding Critical Thinking and Application Questions 1 Explain why diseases caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA are inherited exclusively from one's mother 2 When the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth, it results in a condition called patent ductus arteriosus Predict the signs and symptoms an infant would experience from this condition, and explain your reasoning 3 Placental abruption is a condition in which the placenta is pulled away and separated from the wall of the uterus Why could this prove life-threatening for both the mother and the fetus? 4 Active labor generally is considered to begin about the time the "water breaks." What is the "water," and which membranes rupture to release it? What could be the potential consequences if the membranes were to rupture too early? Further investigation has revealed that Ms. Magenta is in fact not Ms. Rose's mother. Because of a freak baby- switching accident, Mrs. Feather is really Ms. Rose's biological mother. Mrs. Feather's blood type is determined to be B-.Col. Lemon, Professor Purple, and Mr. Olive remain Ms. Rose's potential fathers 5 a What is Mrs. Feather's phenotype? What are her possible genotypes? 28 Human Development and Heredity UNIT 28 757Explanation / Answer
1). Mitochondria also have their own DNA(mitochondrial or mt DNA) that encodes a small but essential number of proteins required for energy production in cells. Mitochondria or mt DNA that they contain are solely inherited from the mother, as the paternal mt DNA present in the sperm are destroyed after the egg is fertilized.In almost all diseases caused by mutant mt DNA, the patient's cell will contain mixture of mutant and normal mtDNA. The proportion of mutant mt DNA in most cases determines the severity of the disease.
2).The symptoms depends on size of ductus and how much blood flow it carries.
If the size of patent ductus arteriosus size is not large, it does not cause any symptoms and may be detected only by further evaluation of heart murmur.If the size is large, the newborn may have fast breathing and increase in the work of breathing, more frequent respiratory infections, tiring easily, poor growth.
Even though there are no symptoms,the turbulent flow of blood through patent ductus arteriosus puts newborn to a higher risk of serious infections known as endocarditis.
After birth, the pressure and resistances are much tighter in aorta than pulmonary artery, so the blood will flow from aorta into pulmonary artery.This extra blood which flows into lungs can overload lungs and cause extra burden for the heart to pump.
3).For the mother, placental abruption leads to,
Shock due to blood loss
Blood clotting problems(Disseminated intravascular coagulation)
The need for blood transfusion
Failure of kidneys or other organs due to blood loss(Diffuse cortical necrosis)
Rarely, when uterine bleeding cannot controlled, hysterectomy should be done.
For the baby, it can lead to...
Restricted growth from not getting enough nutrients
poor oxygen supply
Premature birth
Still birth
Fetal distress
Death
Low blood pressure
Low blood count
Brain damage.
4). Water refers to amniotic fluid filled in amniotic sac which cushions and protects the fetus in uterus.It is made up of two layers of membranes.
It is a thin but tough transparent pair of membranes that hold a developing embryo. The inner of these fetal membranes is amnion encloses amniotic cavity containing amniotic fluid and fetus.The outer membranes is chorion containing amnion and is a part of the placenta.
Rupture of membrane is during labour,the amniotic sac must break so that the child is born.
Rupture of amnion occurs prior to the onset of labour.
Premature rupture of membrane(PROM) complications are-1.Early delivery - Most common
2.Infections
3.placental abruption
4.Umbilical prolapse
5.Respiratory distress syndrome.
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