7. What is the difference between isotonic and isometric contractions? What is t

Question

7. What is the difference between isotonic and isometric contractions? What is the difference between eccentric, concentric contractions? Be able to give an example of each type of contraction. 8. What are the 3 metabolic pathways in which muscles generate ATP? How much ATP is produced? What other products are produced? What type of activity/sport uses these pathways to generate energy? 9. Define these terms as they apply to muscle metabolism: lactic acid, pyruvic acid, creatine phosphate, myoglobin. 10. What are the 3 types of muscle fibers? Describe their structure and function. Give examples of an athlete or sport that would have a higher predominance of each of the fiber types. 7. What is the difference between isotonic and isometric contractions? What is the difference between eccentric, concentric contractions? Be able to give an example of each type of contraction. 8. What are the 3 metabolic pathways in which muscles generate ATP? How much ATP is produced? What other products are produced? What type of activity/sport uses these pathways to generate energy? 9. Define these terms as they apply to muscle metabolism: lactic acid, pyruvic acid, creatine phosphate, myoglobin. 10. What are the 3 types of muscle fibers? Describe their structure and function. Give examples of an athlete or sport that would have a higher predominance of each of the fiber types. 7. What is the difference between isotonic and isometric contractions? What is the difference between eccentric, concentric contractions? Be able to give an example of each type of contraction. 8. What are the 3 metabolic pathways in which muscles generate ATP? How much ATP is produced? What other products are produced? What type of activity/sport uses these pathways to generate energy? 9. Define these terms as they apply to muscle metabolism: lactic acid, pyruvic acid, creatine phosphate, myoglobin. 10. What are the 3 types of muscle fibers? Describe their structure and function. Give examples of an athlete or sport that would have a higher predominance of each of the fiber types.

Explanation / Answer

In isotonic contraction the muscle maintain same tension when it is contracting, where as in isometric contraction muscle remains same length as tension changes. Isotonic contraction take shorter contraction and relaxation time where as isometric contraction have longer contraction and relaxation time. During isotonic contraction, increase in temperature increases time taken for shortening of muscle, but decreases time taken for isometric contraction. Isotonic contraction occur in the middle of a contraction, while isometric contraction occur at the starting and end. Isotonic contraction is less energy efficient because it release great amount of heat during muscle contraction, where as isometric contraction is more energy efficient as it releases less heat.

Example of isotonic contraction

A man attempting to curl 30 kg weight. Before muscle shorten and thus move 30 kg load, it have to develop tension slightly more than 30 kg. Once tension slightly exceed the load muscle contraction can then be used to move the load.

Exapmle of isometric contraction:

Holding a weight above the ground

Concentric and eccentric contractions are isotonic contration. Concentric contraction occurs when muscle shorten, while eccentric contraction occures when muscle lengthen.

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