Drugs that affect the re-uptake of neurotransmitters are in widespread use for t
ID: 3512989 • Letter: D
Question
Drugs that affect the re-uptake of neurotransmitters are in widespread use for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and clinical depression. At the cellular level, explain what effect(s) such reuptake inhibitors have on a postsynaptic neuron, assuming that the neurotransmitter in question is excitatory for that post synaptic neuron. Most organs regulated by the autonomic nervous system can show a much greater response to sympathetic stimulation than they can to parasympathetic stimulation. Why might this occur?Explanation / Answer
ANSWER 1.
Drug effects in Attention deficit hyperactive disorder and clinical Depression:
Amitripyline
amoxapine
Bupropion
Clomipramine
Doxepine
Amphetamine
Methyphenidate
Atomoxetine
DEPRESSION and HYPERACTIVE DISORDERS WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT reflects the characteristic disturbances of the major body rhythms of sleep,hunger,appetite,attention to the atmosphere and life style.
MAO inhibitors:Intoxication with MAO inhibitors is unsual.Agitation,Delirium,and neuromuscular excitability are followed by obtunded consciousness ,seizures,shock,and hyperthermis.
Sedative phenothiazines with alpha-adrenoceptor blocking action such as chlropromazine may be useful.
Serotonin re-uptake inhibitors:
Fluoxethine, Paroxethine and Sertraline have shorter half lives.serotonin re - uptake is used in the monoamine oxidase inhibitor.
MAO inhibitors by increasing the source of catecholamines sensitize the patient to indirectly acting sympathomimetics such as tyramine which is found in some fermented foods and beverages.
One of the drawback of many existing antidepressants has been multitude of pharmocologic actions and a trait inherited from phenothiazine antipsychotic agents.
The antimuscarinic, antihistaminic, and alpha adrenoceptor blocking actions of tricyclic antidepressants contribute only to the toxicity of these agents.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors(MAO) Are classified as hydrazides ,exemplified by th e C-N-N moiety.in the case of phenelzine and isocarboxazid or nonhydrazides which lack moiety as in tranylcypromine.
The antidepressants are usefull in blocking the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephine, blocking alpha - 1 adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors.
These drugs are fat soluble, metabolised by the liver, and excreted by the kidneys.
They require reaching the plasma levels of imipramine, nortryptyline,desipramine, and amitryptiline for efficacy.
These donot have any effect on NE or dopamine.
These drugs inhibit the MAO an enzyme that metabolizes serotonin ,epinephrinem and NE.
ANSWER 2.
The Autonomic nervous system is called as vegetative,visceral or involuntary nervous system.Many of the viscera innervated by this system show spontaneous rhythmic activity.The efferent neurons which control the viscera have their cell bodies in the autonomic ganglia situated outside the central nervous system.Hence as it is the involuntary activity of the visceral organs they show the equal response to sympathetic as well as the parasympathetic stimulation as the reflexes are carried out by the autonomic ganglia which act as the relay stations of autonomic nervous system.
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