583 UNIT 28 I Anatomy of the Digesthve System PART II. Putting It All Together A
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583 UNIT 28 I Anatomy of the Digesthve System PART II. Putting It All Together A. Review Questions Answer the following questions using your lecture notes, your textbook, and your lab notes accessory organ in which each of the following structures is found a palatine tonsils b. vermiform appendix d. circular folds e enteroendocrine cells f. Peyer's patches & portal triad h. sinusoids i. falciform ligament Explain why acid reflux into the esophagus damages the esophageal wall and causes pain, whereas gastric juice does not typically irritate the stomach lining 2. 3. Predict the effect of the removal of the gallbladder on the digestion of fats 4. Jesse, a 7-week-old baby, is experiencing frequent projectile vomiting. An MRI reveals a thicken- ing of the pyloric sphincter and a full stomach, even though it has been hours since he was last fed. What problem is the thickened pyloric sphincter causing? 5. How are the epithelial linings for their specific functions of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine structurally adaptedExplanation / Answer
1 a) Palatine tonsils are found in the oropharynx. They are present on both the sides. They are pink in color.
B) Vermiform appendix - it is a vestigial organ found at the junction of small are large intestine on cecum (it is present at the end of ascending colon of large intestine)
C) microvilli- are found in the small intestine. They help in absorption
D) circular folds are found in small intestine. They helping slowing down of passage of food so that absorption can occur more efficiently.
E) enteroendocrine cells are found in the pancrease, stomach, and intestine.
F) peyer's patches- ileum of small intestine.(they're lymphatic tissue)
G) portal triad - liver. It is composed of portal venule, portal arteriole and bile duct.
H) sinusoid - liver (it is a small irregularly shaped blood vessel)
I) falciform ligament- liver. (It attaches liver to the ventral body wall)
Answer 2)
because stomach has a protective covering on ththe entire surface known as gastric mucosal barrier. It has compact epithelial lining, secretes bicarbonates ions and a mucous covering. Esophagus do not have this barrier.
answer 3) even after the removal of gall bladder, liver still produces bile and secretes it directly into the intestine. But there is no storage so that a large amount of it can be secreted for fat digestion. Hence the patient experiences diarrhea.
answer 4) pyloric sphincter is present between stomach and intestine. When it's thickening occurs the lumen narrows down. The content of the stomach are not passed to the intestine. This condition is pyloric stenosis.
answer 5) epithelium lining of stomach has mucous columnar cells. They form a protective layer so that the acid in the stomach won't irritate the stomach lining.
Epithelium lining of intestine has microvilli which help in absorption. They increase the surface area for absorption.
Epithelium lining of esophagus is stratified squamous epithelium. It is 3 layers thick so that abrasion of food won't affect it.
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