5. The appendix is thought to be a vestigial structure with no apparent function

Question

5. The appendix is thought to be a vestigial structure with no apparent function. However, recent studies indicate that the appendix is important. Give the reason for this new determination. Extra credit. Fill in the table below to summarize the major inputs and outputs of Glycolysis Pyruvate to Acetyl Co A, Krebs Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain, and Chemiosmosis. Base your answers on the inputs and outputs of one glucose molecule Process Main Function Inputs Outputs Glycolysis Pyruvate to acetyl CoA Citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation (Electron transport and chemiosmosis)

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Question 5

Answer

The appendix is the part of large intestine. it is worm-shaped structure located right side of the large intestine. previous days, it is considered as useless and sometimes removed from the body by surgery.

But in the recent study identified that it has an important function in the body.

i. a significant role in immune system

it has lymphoid cells and consist of T- lymphocytes and B- lymphocytes. these can produce early defenses provide protection serious infections

ii. a significant role in the digestive system.

It can produce and store the microbe which is helpful for the body. Normally human digestive system is rich with bacteria and is involved in digestion of food material. But during the illness such as diarrhea, the bacteria is eliminated. New bacteria is provided in Appendix and bringing up the normal level of bacteria.

Process Main function inputs outputs Glycolysis breakdown of the glucose molecule and forms NADP and ATP. Glucose, 2 ATP, 2 NAD+, 4 ADP + P 2 pyruvates, 4 ATP, 2 NADH Pyruvate to acetyl CoA its main function conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 2 pyruvate, 2 NAD+, 2 CoA, 2 Acetyl CoA, 2 CO2 and 2 NADH + 2H+ Citric acid cycle Combination of acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate as redox reactions Energy production through substrate-level phosphorylation. 2 acetyl CoA and 2 ADP + Pi 2 CoA and 4 CO2,3 NADH. Oxidative phosphorylation It transfers the electrons and forms the ATP molecule. ADP, O2, NADH NAD+, ATP, H2O

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