1. The following characteristics (1-7) listed below have been matched with a bio
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Question
1. The following characteristics (1-7) listed below have been matched with a biochemical pathway (Glycolysis, Kreb's Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation) to which it applies. Choose the CORRECT match-up.
(1) = Directly uses inspired oxygen
(2) = does not directly use inspired oxygen
(3) = takes place in the cytosol
(4) = takes place in the mitochondrial matrix
(5) = takes place on the inner mitochondrial membrane
(6) = low yield of ATP
(7) = Rich yield of ATP
a. Kreb's Cycle: 2, 4, 7
b. Glycolysis: 1, 3, 6
c. Electron-Transport chain: 1, 4, 6
d. Kreb's Cycle: 2, 5, 6
e. Electron-Transport chain: 1, 5, 7 2.
In an anaerobic condition,
a. oxygen is not present
b. the degradation of glucose cannot proceed beyond glycolysis
c. mitochondrial processing of nutrient molecules takes place
d. Both A and B are correct
e. Both A and C are correct
3. ______ Produces a peptide bond between adjacent amino acids at the ribosome during translation?
a. RNA polymerase
b. DNA polymerase
c. Aminoacytl-tRNA synthetase
d. Peptidyl transferase
e. DNA Ligase
4.Which is not a factor contributing to the membrane potential
a. the Na+/K+ pump is electrogenic
b. the presence of fixed negatively-charged ions inside of the cell
c. the membrane is 50x to 75x more permeable to Na+ ion than to K+
d. the Na+/K+ pump transports 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ it transports in
e. the membrane is 50x to 75x more permeable to K+ ion than to Na+
Explanation / Answer
Ans 1. Facts: Glycolysis does not utilise oxygen directly. It utilises the ATP that are formed after the utilisation of oxygen. So consumption of oxygen is indirect. Hence, option b is incorrect. Electron Transport chain (ETC) takes place at the inner mitochondrial membrane and not in the mitochondrial matrix. So, option c is incorrect. Kreb's cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix and not in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Also, it has rich yield of ATP. So, option d is incorrect and option a is correct. Option e could have been right if 2 is not their at the end of ETC because ETC do utilise the inspired oxygen as the last electron acceptor. So, the answer is a.
Ans 2. The name anaerobic includes an = without and aerobic = air i.e. anaerobic are the processes that takes place in absence of air or oxygen. So, option a is correct. Now, in the absence of oxygen, kreb cycle can't take place. So, mitochoondrial processing of nutrient molecules does not take place. So c is incorrect. As Kreb cycle is not taking place, the glycolysis happens resulting in low yield of ATP. Glycolysis leads to the production of pyruvate. However, the process is not stopped here. Depending upon the organism, the pyruvate made at the end of glycolysis is further processed to produce lactic acid or via fermentation to produce ethanol. So, in strict sense, option b is incorrect. And right option is a. But if we relax that statement a bit, then a and b both are correct. So the answer will be d. However, given the statement that it can not proceed beyond glycolysis, I will consider it wrong and mark a as the option.
Ans 3. RNA polymerase is an enzyme that produces RNA from DNA during transcription. DNA polymerase produces DNA complimentary to another DNA strand during replication. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase attaches the amino acid to the end of tRNA. DNA ligase joins to DNA strands (ligase = ligation). Peptidyl transferase as the name suggest transfers the peptide and hence, produces a peptide bond in adjacent amino acids at the ribosome during translation. So, the correct answer is d.
Ans 4. All the factors contribute to membrane potential as they are producing and maintaining charges across the membrane. However, option c and option e are contradicting each other. So, only one of them can be right. We know that potassium has bigger size than sodium but the charge on both of them is same i.e. +1. So, charge by size ratio of potassium will be less than sodium. The membrane is hydrophobic. So, higher charge by size ratio will suffer more repulsion. Hence, potassium being lesser charge by size, can pass more easily than sodium. So, option e is correct and option c is false. As the question is asking about the factor that does not contribute, therefore, the answer is c.
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