Posterior Skull - Mastoid Process -Lambdoid Suture Lateral Skull - Mental Forame

Question

Posterior Skull

- Mastoid Process

-Lambdoid Suture

Lateral Skull

- Mental Foramen

-External Acousitc Meatus

-Mandibular Ramus

Posterior Skeleton

-Spine of Scapula

-Gluteal Tuberosity

-Greater Trochanter of Femur

-Adductor Tubercle

-Medial Epicondyle of Humerus

-Head of Humerus

-Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus

-Illiac Crest

Anterior Skeleton

-Illiac Fossa

-Intertubercular Sulcus of Humerus

Marking Function

Posterior Skull

- Mastoid Process

-Lambdoid Suture

Lateral Skull

- Mental Foramen

-External Acousitc Meatus

-Mandibular Ramus

Posterior Skeleton

-Spine of Scapula

-Gluteal Tuberosity

-Greater Trochanter of Femur

-Adductor Tubercle

-Medial Epicondyle of Humerus

-Head of Humerus

-Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus

-Illiac Crest

Anterior Skeleton

-Illiac Fossa

-Intertubercular Sulcus of Humerus

Explanation / Answer

Mastoid process Functions:

1. gives anchorage to occipitofrontalis muscle.

2. Gives rise to the muscles:

sernocleidomastoid muscle which helps in neck movement.

Splenius capitis: helps in flexion of head.

Posteriro belly of digastric muscle, helps in opening of jaw.

Longissimus capitis muscle:helps in rotatory flexion of head.

3. Medial groove gives anchorage to digastric muscle of mastication.

4. Depper part of mastoid process contain mastoid air cells.

6. Shallow occipital goove protects occipital artery.

7. Male mastois muscle is more prominant than female, thus helps in forensic medicine to identify gender.

Lamdoid suture function:

At birth this suture does not fuse so allowing the expansion of brain tissue.

this is a fibrous suture between occipita and two parietal bone of skull, thereby minimizing the risk of skull bone fracture during head injury or impacts.

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Mental foramen:

It gives passage for the mental artery and inferior alveolar nerves, and protects these structures.

External acoustic meatus:

Helps in hearing. Sound wave enters to tympanic membrane through this opening. Amplification of sound wave.

Protects structures of inner ear ie tympanic membrane, cochlea.

Mandibular ramus:

Helps in sex determination in forensic medicine.

Mandibular foramen gives passage of inferior alveolar vessels and nerves.

Gives attachment to the sphenomandibular ligament.

Gives insertion to internal pterygoid muscle.

Protects parotid glands.

Forms angle of mandible.

Mandibular canal runs through this part of mandible and communicates with mental foramen.

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Spine of scapula:

Superior part forms supraspinatus fossa and gives rise to portion of supraspinatus muscle.

Inferior surface forms infraspinatous fossa which gives origin of part of infra-spinatus muscle.

Gives attachment to trapezius and deltoideus muscles

Gluteal tuberosity:

Gives attachment to glutaeus maximus muscle.

Greater trochanter of femur;

Gives attachement to Gluteus medius muscle.

Trochanteric fossa receives insertion of obturator externus, obturator internus, superior and inferior gemellus muscle.

Borders receives insertions of piriformis and lateral part of gluteus minimus.

Inferior border gives origin of part of vastus lateralis muscle.

Adductor tubercle:

A structure in femur gives insertion to vertical fibres of adductor magnus.

Medial epicondyle of humerus:

Gives attachment to ulnar collateral ligament. Pronator teres, and common tendon of flexor muscles of forearm.

Ulnar nerve runs in a groove behind this epicondyle. Thus it protects ulnar nerve.

Head of humerus:

Forms shoulder joint.

Gives insertion to supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor muscle and subscapularis muscle via greater tubercle,

Bicipital groove gives insertion of latissimus dorsi, muscle and lodges long tendon of biceps brachii muscle.

Lateral epicondyle of humerus:

Gives origin to lateral collateral ligament of elbow, common tendon of flexor muscles of forearm.

Illiac crest:

Gives attachment to

Tensor fasciae latae,

external oblique abdominis

internal oblique abdominis

Latissimus dorsi

Transverse abdominis muscle.

Quadratus lumborum

erector spinae

illiacus

Transverse fascia

In adult this iliac crest forms red blood cells and stem cells. It is used for bone marrow transplantation , It is also used for lumber puncture to collect bonemarrow for various examination to detect blood line diseases.

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Illiac fossa:

Gives origin to illiacus muscle.

Protects pelvic organs

Intertubercular sulcus of humerus:

Lodges tendons of biceps brachii muscle.

Gives insertion to latissimus dorsi muscle

Gives passage to anterior humeral circumflex artery.

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