In a patient’s case study, any observed or suspected structural/functional abnor

Question

In a patient’s case study, any observed or suspected structural/functional abnormalities of body structures are reported. Prepare a brief case study of a patient who has suffered severe trauma to the medulla oblongata from a blow to the back of the skull.

After being revived from knockout punch during the world featherweight championship fight, the ringside physician determined that the boxer had sustained oculomotor and facial nerve damage when his right zygomatic bone was shattered from a hard left hook. What symptoms might the boxer have displayed that would have caused the physician to come to this conclusion?

Explanation / Answer

The lower part of the human brain that connects the brain to the spinal cord, is called the brain stem it includes
Midbrain
Medulla oblangata
Pons
Medulla oblangata performs following functions:
it regulates heartbeat
Respiratory center controls the movement of respiratory muscles, including the diaphragm, and regulates the rate of respiration
Vasomotor center regulates blood pressure
Reflex centers regulate reflex actions, like sneezing, coughing, swallowing, etc
A heavy blow on the head can result in the brain twisting on its axis, which can damage the nerve pathways
for neural impulses and signals the brain hitting against the bones of the skull, causing further damage to the nerve tissues,most cases of severe brain injury are a result of trauma caused by accidents, falls, gunshots, explosives,
injuries during sports, etc. Brain stem injury caused by trauma or a forceful impact on the brain,
is termed as traumatic brain injury. Depending on skull is fractured or not, traumatic brain injuries
can either be closed head injuries or penetrating injuries.
Closed head injuries can be fatal as they cause bleeding inside the skull due to the rupture of blood vessels
The diagnosis is carried out to detect fractures in the bones of the skull, neck, and spine,
by imaging tests such as Computerized Tomography (CT) scan or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
For the diagnosis of closed head injury, the pressure within the skull (intracranial pressure)
is measured with a device intracranial pressure monitor.

Symptoms include:

Loss of consciousness

Prolonged headache

Dizziness

Disorientation

Dilation of pupil

Cardiac arrest

Knockout is an concussion or a series of concussions that really shuts brain During boxing the fighters target th jaw of opponent ,because the jaw anatomy is complex ,when the jaw is hit the neck and head rotates quickly it causes the brain to smack in to the skull of the head usually this causes concussion or series of concussion and the trauma,it causes the brain to release lot of neurotransmitters this cause temporary paralysis of the body,it occurs to neutralize the neurotransmitters and electrolytes.

zygomatic bone fracture include displacement or instability of the fracture, mechanical restriction of mandibular movement (chewing), alteration in facial contour, globe dystopia, enophthalmos, diplopia, or sensory nerve deficit.

the symptoms of the patient may include:

Proptosis

Enopthalmus

Double vision

Subconjuctival hemorrhage

Periorbital oedema

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