6. What is an ejection fraction? What percent EF is normal? What will happen to
ID: 3509903 • Letter: 6
Question
6. What is an ejection fraction? What percent EF is normal? What will happen to the ejection fraction of someone with aortic stenosis? Why? (5 points) Whatis the recommended treatment for someone with symptomatic aortic stenosis? (5 points) Why do these patients have hypertension? Explain in your own words (4 points) Treatments include ACE inhibitors. What is the mechanism of action for this type of drug?( 4points) 7. 8. 9. 10. What are the effects of diuretics, and calcium channel blocker on hypertension and Cardiac Output? (4 points)Explanation / Answer
6) Ejection fraction is the measurement of the amount of blood ejected from the total amount of blood present in the ventricle during each contraction of the heart from the two ventricles.
The normal percentage of the ejection fraction is 50% to 75% of the total amount of blood in ventricle.
The ejection fraction is low in the patient having aortic stenosis because it causes less blood ejection from left ventricle due to less contraction and obstruction of blood flow across the aortic valve thus excess pressure is imposed by stenosis valve as it reduces the outflow of the blood.
7) The patients of aortic stenosis are recommended to have the following steps:
a) Surgery to replace aortic valve
b) Treatment by medicine
c) Surgery on aorta or other heart valves
d) Patient with asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis undergoes coronary artery bypass surgery
8) The left ventricle requires greater pressure to open aortic valve which needs added workload and thus myocardial oxygen demand increases which increases the cardiac input of blood to meet the oxygen level. Thus before the ejection of blood it takes more blood which exerts pressure on left ventricle an d pressure increases.
9) ACE produces vasodilation by inhibiting the formation of angiotensin 2 by preventing the action of an enzyme to act on angiotensin1 to convert into angiotensin 2. Angiotensin 2 constricts the blood vessels. If the production of angiotensin is prevented the blood vessels gets dilated and thus the blood pressure decreases.
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