Questions for Cardiovascular System: Heant Chapter 19 The Heart 1. Describe the
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Questions for Cardiovascular System: Heant Chapter 19 The Heart 1. Describe the components of the cardiovascular system 2. Describe the general function of the cardiovascular system. What is perfusion? 3. Describe the heart structure. Chambers, vessels, valves, museles etc. 4. The heart is basically 2 pumps, the right is the -pump whereas the left is pump. Which side is oxygenated, which side is deoxygenated? 5. The heart is located in the thoracic cavity within what sub compartment? 6. Describe the pericardium. What kind of membrane is it? 7. Describe the 3 layers of the heart wall 8. What is cardiac Percarditis? 9. Where is the base of the heart? The apex? 10. Be able to draw and label the structures of the heart 11. Compare the thickness of the walls of the 4 chambers of the heart. Why do some of the chambers have thicker walls? 12. Describe the valves of the heart in regard to location and structure. 13. What mechanism do the semilunars have, as compared to the atrioventricular valves, to prevent blood from flowing backwards? 14. Do the AV valves close or open when there is increased ventricular pressure? What opens the AV valves? 15. Do the Semilunar valves open or close when there is increased ventricular pressure? 16. The heart skeleton is made of what tissue? Describe where the heart skeleton is 17. Trace blood flow through the heart, beginning with its entrance by way of the vena cavae and coronary sinus and ending with its exit through the aorta 18. How does blood get from the right side to the left? Which side of the heart is the pulmonary? Which pump is systemic? 19. Describe coronary circulation. Does blood flowing through the heart provide oxygen to the myocardium? Where does the coronary sinus empty into the heart? 20. What is the difference myocardium ischemia and myocardial infarction? Why is the anastomosis of arteries especially important in the coronary circulation? The only branches of the ascending aorta are theThese arteries send blood where? 21. Describe the arrangement of cardiac cells. Are they multinucleated? Contain tubules? Actin and myosin? 22. What is an intercalated disk? What is the difference between a gap junction and a 23, What does the heart use as a fuel source? Why the large numbers of mitochondria? 24. The fibrous skeleton is made of what are the functions of the fibrous heart skeleton? 23. What is autorhythmicity? 26. What are nodal cells? The RMP for nodal cells is What types of channels are present in nodal cells? 27. What are the events within SA nodal cells? What happens in each step? 28. Identify the intrinsic conduction system of the heart: SA node; AV node, Bundle of His; Purkinje fibers. 29The SA node depolarizes at what rate? AV node? Purkinje fibers 30. Which part of the intrinsic conduction system is regulating the normal rhythm? 31. If the heart is working under the control of the Purkinje fibers is the rate sufficient? What will occur? 32. Why are the AV node and bundle of HIS necessary? 33. What is an etopic foci?Explanation / Answer
1. Different components of cardiovascular system are;
Heart, blood and blood vessels. Blood vessels include arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins.
Heart pumps and receives blood to and from different body parts. Blood pumped by heart enters into great arteries which branches into small arteries . These arteries enter into different organs and divide further into capillaries . They give blood to body organ. On the other side, capillaries unite to form venules which bring deoxygenated blood . These venules unite to form veins that carry blood back to heart.
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