.Early in an infection, the body produces a variety of \"acute phase proteins\"
ID: 3508202 • Letter: #
Question
.Early in an infection, the body produces a variety of "acute phase proteins" to ramp up an immune response. What sort of benefits do these acute phase proteins provide and what sort of effect would an inability to induce the production of these proteins have on an individual?.
.Early in an infection, the body produces a variety of "acute phase proteins" to ramp up an immune response. What sort of benefits do these acute phase proteins provide and what sort of effect would an inability to induce the production of these proteins have on an individual?.
Explanation / Answer
Acute phase proteins (APPs) are a large group of biochemically and functionally unrelated proteins whose plasma concentrations increase or decrease in response to tissue injury, acute infections, burns, or chronic inflammation. Levels of acute phase proteins can either increase (positive acute phase proteins) or decrease (negative acute phase proteins) several fold soon after the onset of a systematic inflammatory reaction. Acute phase proteins are synthesized predominantly in the liver. In response to injury, local inflammatory cells (neutrophil granulocytes and macrophages) secrete a number of cytokines into the bloodstream, most notable of which are the interleukins IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8, and TNF-. Following stimulation hepatocytes produce a number of proteins and release them into circulations; these proteins are thus referred to as positive acute phase proteins. At the same time, the production of a number of other proteins is reduced; these are, therefore, referred to as negative acute phase proteins. Positive acute-phase proteins serve different physiological functions in the innate immunity. Some act to destroy or inhibit growth of microbes, while others give negative feedback on the inflammatory response. The Levels of elevated expression of acute phase proteins can differ widely from species to species and some proteins that function as an acute phase protein in one species may not be an acute phase protein in another species.
Positive acute-phase proteins serve (part of the innate immune system) different physiological functions for the immune system. Some act to destroy or inhibit growth of microbes, e.g., C-reactive protein, mannose-binding protein, complement factors, ferritin, ceruloplasmin, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin.
During inflammation inability to induce the acute phase proteins we can not detect the inflammation in these conditions
Some act to destroy or inhibit the microbes
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