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1 | T AaBbCcD AaBbCcDc AaBbC AaBbCct 2 --. LNormalITT No Spac No Spac.. Heading 1 Heading 2 Heading 1 Heading 2 lt, Normal Paragraph Case Study B, Skeletal System-Look Out Below: A Case Study on Bone Tissue Structure and Repair Debbie Morgan is a 45-year-old female who works as a stocking clerk for a local home improvement store. While she was at work today a large box of metal rivets fell from a 20-ft-high overhead shelf,striking her outstretched arm and knocking her to the ground The ambulance personnel reported that she had lost quite a bit of blood at the accident scene and was "knocked out" when they arrived. To re bandage to her arm. You meet the paramedics as they bring Mrs. Morgan into the emergency room and begin to assess her for injuries. She is awake and alert, but complaining of severe left arm and back pain, plus she has a "killer headache. To fully examine her injuries you remove four blood-soaked bandages from her arm. You notice a large open wound on her arm with what appears to be bone tissue sticking out of the skin. She also has bruises covering her left shoulder, left wrist, and lower back. To determine the extent of her injuries Mrs. Morgan undergoes several x-rays, which reveal the following: Case Study B, Skeletal System- Look Out Below: A Case Study on Bone Tissue Structure and Repair 6 Within days after a fracture, a "soft callus" of fibrocartilage forms. What fibers are found in this type of cartilage? Identify the cells required for fibrocartilaginous callus formation and list their functions. 7 As a fracture is repaired, new bone is added to the injury site. What term is used to describe the addition of new bone tissue? Identify which bone cell is responsible for this process and explain how it occurs 8.in the final stage of bone repair, some of the osseous tissue must be broken down and removed What term is used to define the breaking down of osseous tissue? Which bone cell would be best suited for this task? 9 The extracelular matrix (ECM) of bone is sonsidered so be a composite material made up of organic and inorganic matter. What makes up the organic and inorganic portions of the matrix? Describe the ceilular mechanism involved in breaking down this matrix, inciude the bone cell required for the process

Explanation / Answer

6. Soft callus contain collagen fibers. There are two type of cells involved in the formation of fibrocartilage callus. First one is fibroblast and other is chondroblast.

Fibroblast: Fibroblasts are the most common connective tissue in the animal. It synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen, the structural framework (stroma) for animal tissues, and plays a critical role in wound healing.

Chondroblasts: Chondroblasts are responsible for formation of chondrocytes in the growing cartilage matrix by endochondral ossification process.

7. Ossification is the term used to describe the addition of new bone tissue.

Osteoblast cells are responsible for ossification process. Osteoblasts synthesize different proteins and collagen in order to re-form the bone matrix.

Process of ossification: Bone tissue first appears in the diaphysis. Chondrocytes form trebeculae by multiplying itself. Hardened bone progressively eroded and replaced the cartilage, extending towards the epiphysis. A perichondrium layer surrounding the cartilage forms the periosteum, which generates osteogenic cells that then go on to make a collar that encircles the outside of the bone and remodels the medullary cavity on the inside.

8.  Breaking down of osseous tissue is known as osteoclasis. The bone cell osteoclast is involved in this process which is a bone absorbing tissue and helps to break down unwanted tissue during growth and regeneration.

9. Organic portions: Proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins, osteonectin and osteocalcin.

Inorganic portions: Hydroxyapatite and water.

Osteoclsats are responsible for breaking down the extracellular matrix of bones by forming a ruffled border to increase the surface area for bone reabsorption. Osteoclasts also secrete some proteolytic enzymes which helps in breaking down of bone matrix.

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