Respondus LockDown Browser Save Question 32 (5 points) Patient 1: Alan suffers f

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Respondus LockDown Browser Save Question 32 (5 points) Patient 1: Alan suffers from emphysema. Emphysema is a disease in which the lungs become overdistended ('stretched open") with trapped air. Effective abdominal breathing is decreased. Part 1: If the diaphragm were damaged, how, if at al, would this affect breathing? (2 points) Part 2: State at LEAST 3 OTHER muscles that may be involved when breathing becomes an active process. In other words, if air is trapped in the lungs, how does a patient with emphysema remove the air? Be sure to explain HOW they (the muscles) assist with EXHALING. (3pts) Save Question 33 (5 points) The following information is taken DIRECTLY FROM

Explanation / Answer

Emphysema is a disorder characterized by destruction of the walls of the alveoli, producing abnormally large air spaces that remain filled with air during exhalation so surface area will reduce and as a result oxygen diffusion across the alveoli is reduced. Blood oxygen level is somewhat reduced.

Part 1-Emphysema results in hyperinflation lungs so in Emphysema results in downward push of diaphragm by lungs. Flattened diaphragm in lateral crest. The most important muscle of inhalation is the diaphragm, the dome-shaped skeletal muscle that forms the floor of the thoracic cavity. Contraction of the diaphragm is responsible for about 75% of the air that enters the lungs during quiet breathing.

Damage diaphragm is almost always associated with herniation of abdominal organs into the chest cavity.

Part 2- Normal exhalation during quiet breathing, unlike inhalation, is a passive process because no muscular contractions are involved. Instead, exhalation due to elastic recoil of the chest wall and lungs, both of which have a natural tendency to spring back after they have been stretched. Two inwardly directed

forces contribute to elastic recoil: (1) the recoil of elastic fibers (2) the inward pull of surface tension due to the film of alveolar fluid.

Exhalation starts when the inspiratory muscles relax. As the diaphragm relaxes, its dome moves superiorly due to its elasticity. As the external intercostals relax, the ribs are depressed.

These movements decrease the vertical, lateral, and anteroposterior diameters of the thoracic cavity, which decreases lung volume.

Exhalation becomes active only during forceful breathing, as occurs while playing a wind instrument or during exercise. During these times, muscles of exhalation—the abdominals and internal intercostals —contract, which increases pressure in the abdominal region and thorax. Contraction of the abdominal muscles moves the inferior ribs downward and compresses the abdominal viscera, thereby forcing the diaphragm superiorly. Contraction of the internal intercostals, which extend inferiorly

and posteriorly between adjacent ribs, pulls the ribs inferiorly.

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