List four factors and explain how each affects permeability. (Top.p 1) 2) 3) 4)

Question

List four factors and explain how each affects permeability. (Top.p 1) 2) 3) 4) a. Why can soae molecules (ions) cross the membrane while others cannot? 4. What is osmosis? 2,A.4) a. What molecule is diffusing in osmosis? hik b. What is the source of energy driving osmoais? hiak) e. In which direction will the net flow of H2O be toring? man B. Questions related tos CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTIONS (28) 1. What is molarity? Know definition. Know concentration for 1 M. 23.13 2. What is osmolarity? (p2: B.2) a. Know definition of osmolarity. (p.2:B2) b. Calculate the concentration (/ of following to make solution of M or Osm given: (af you meod helg, sk 0.2 M urea 0.2 Osm urea 1 M Naci 1 Oam Naci 1 M glucose 1 Osm glucose 2 Osm thiourea 0.4 M Cacl2 0.4 0sm Cacl 0.2 Osm thiourea 0.25 osm Alcl 0.9 0sm ethylene glycol 0.6 M glycerol .15 Osm Bacl2 c. What is normal osmolarity of body fluids? Gemember thi 11D d. What causes the body fluids to have this osmolarity? Boa of p2 3. What is tonicity? (p.3; 3) a. Define and explain lsotonic. b. Define and explain hvertonlc c. Define and explain hypotonic. d· What would happen to body cells if surrounded by each of the above type of solutions? Be sure you can explain NH· 205 Lab-4 page 7

Explanation / Answer

Hydrophobic molecules cannot cannot cross water permeable medium and hydrophilic molecules cannot cross lipid membrane.

Four factors are- 1. Particle size

2. Degree of saturation

3.void ratio

4. Impurities in water

4). Osmosis is a process of diffusion of solvent from low concentrations medium to a high concentration media.

A.Solvent like water, are diffusing.

B.osmotic pressure drive the process.

C.direction is from lower concentrations to higher concentrations.

B.1).molarity is number of moles of solute per litre of solution.

1molar is equal to 1 mole solute in1 litre odlf solution.

2). A.osmolarity is number of osmoles of solute per litre of solution.

C. Osmolarity of body fluids is 285-295mOsm/litre. It is measure of body's water electrolyte balance.

D. Homeostasis of the body compels body fluids to have this osmolarity.it is generally maintained by tubules of nephrons.

3). Tonicity is effective osmotic pressure gradient, defined by water potential of two mediums divided by semi permeable membranes.

A. Isotonic- if effective osmole concentration of one solution is same as that of other.

B.hypertonic- if effective osmole concentration of one solution is greater than that of other.

C. Hypotonic- if effective osmole concentration of one solution is less than that of other.that is it has lower concentrations of solute than the other.

D. If body is sorrounded by each and every type of medium then also it will gain homeostasis by different mechanisms with the help of different organs.

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