1. Case scenario: A.O. is a 70-year-old woman with a 5 year history of congestiv

Question

1. Case scenario: A.O. is a 70-year-old woman with a 5 year history of congestive heart failure (CHF) secondary to a large left ventricular infarct. She has had increasingly poor activity tolerance and now requires assistance with activities of daily living. Even minimal activity is associated with moderately severe dyspnea and exertional chest pain, which is relieved by rest. A.O. has also recently exhibited marked pedal edema bilaterally. She takes digitalis, furosemide (Lasix) and sublingual nitroglycerin. She is currently hospitalized for evaluation and management of worsening in her CHF. This patient now has pedal edema, what do you think is the most likely cause of A.O’s pedal edema?

Explanation / Answer

edema in congestive heart failure (CHF) is a result of activation of various humoral and neurohumoral mechanisms.

that promote sodium and water reabsorption by the kidney and expansion of extracellular space.

1. increased venous capillary pressure

2.decreased plasma oncotic pressure

these promote extravastation of fluid and edema formation.

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