please answer # 3 Short paper #1 Describe the basics of how transcriptional regu
ID: 3504858 • Letter: P
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please answer # 3
Short paper #1 Describe the basics of how transcriptional regulation of gene expression occurs and can lead to differential gene expression during development. Include how a gene regulatory network is established and is involved in specification of cell fate and differentiation. What is modular control of transcription? If you have isolated a gene expressed in two tissues, say the thyroid and tongue, how would you use reporter constructs to identify the sequences important in regulating expression in the two tissues? What would you expect to find? If you have identified a gene encoding a protein you think might be important in heart development, how would you determine if the protein functions in the heart? Describe three types of evidence. 1. 2. 3.Explanation / Answer
Hello.
Question 3 aims to test our knowledge about identifying phenotype of a particular genotype.
1) By mutating the concerned genotype: During the initial stages of genetic studies, the phenotype of a particular genotype, for example here a protien of heart was identified by mutating the gene concerned. Inducing mutation in the genotype we believe is responsible for synthesis of a particular protein involved in development of heart will lead to some phenotypic abnormality. Therefore, we will be able to identify and predict the function of protein corresponding to the original genotype.
2) Substituting the coding portion of concerned gene with reporter gene: The coding portion of gene we are concerned about can be replaced by another reporter gene. Reporter gene generally produces some enzymatic activity or fluorescence upon activation. Thus we may know if the gene we are concerned about gets activated during development of heart.
3) By using DNA microarrays: This is the best and latest technology for studying gene expression. Here, mRNA of the gene we want to investigate is converted to cDNA. The cDNA is then labelled with a probe which shows fluorescence. Thid labelled cDNA is used to test function of gene. Here, we can put the probe along with developing cells of heart, if the gene concerned will express itself, a coloured spot will be observed.
Thus these are the 3 ways by which we can experimentally prove gene expression.
Other methods are also there, but they are more or less modifications of these 3 methods.
Feel free to ask any doubts in comment section.
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