How did the natural world shape the societies of the Americas before 1492? Write

Question

How did the natural world shape the societies of the Americas before 1492? Write an essay in which you respond to that question by considering one (or more) of the following aspects of indigenous life in the Americas: religious beliefs and practices; the creation of cities; rituals and customs associated with warfare, conquest, and empire-building; gender relations; or another theme of your choice. Be sure to discuss the societies of both Mesoamerica and the Andes; you may also include a discussion of non-sedentary peoples, but this is not required.

Explanation / Answer

Martin Waldseemüller, named the New World "America," after the Italian Amerigo Vespucci, who explored the coastline of South America & was the first to realize that it was a separate continent, not part of Asia. He discovered the  land mass & named it the southern part of the continent, "America"

It is the oldest known civilization in the Americas & one of the five sites where civilization originated independently & indigenously in the ancient world, flourishing between the 30th &18th centuries BC. It pre-dated the Mesoamerican Olmec civilization by nearly two millennia

.The prehistory of the Americas (North, South, and Central America, and the Caribbean) starts with people migrating to these areas from Asia during the height of an Ice Age. These groups are generally believed to be isolated from peoples of the "Old World" until the coming of Europeans in the 10th century from Norway & with the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492.

Cultural traits brought by the immigrants later evolved & spawned such cultures as Iroquois on North America & Piraha of South America. These cultures later developed into civilizations. These cultures expanded at a later date than their Old World counterparts. Cultures that may be considered advanced or civilized include Nort :Chico, Cahokia, Zapotec, Toltec, Olmec, Maya, Aztec, Chimor, Mixtec, Moche, Mississippian, Puebloan, Totonac, Teotihuacan, Huastec people, Purépecha, Izapa, Mazatec, Muisca, and the Inca

.European colonization of Americas led to the rise of new cultures, civilizations & thestates, which resulted from the fusion of Native American , European traditions, peoples & institutions. The transformation of American cultures through colonization is evident in architecture, religion, gastronomy, the arts & languages, the most widespread being Spanish , English & Portuguese The colonial period lasted approximately three centuries, from the early 16th to the early 19th centuries, when Brazil & the larger Hispanic American nations declared independence.

The United States obtained independence from England much earlier, in 1776, while Canada formed a federal dominion in 1867. While others remained attached to their European parent state till the end of the 19th century,

Monumental architecture, including earthwork platform mounds & sunken plazas have been identified as part of the civilization. Archaeological evidence states the use of textile technology & the worship of common god symbols. Government,. In archaeological nomenclature, the culture was pre-ceramic culture of the pre-Columbian Late Archaic period. It appears to have lacked ceramics & art.

seafood economy had been the basis of society and its early flourishing. This theory, later termed "maritime foundation of Andean Civilization" that civilization arose as a result of intensive grain-based agriculture, as had been the case in the emergence of civilizations ,earlier research stated that edible domestic plants such as squash, beans, lucuma, guava, pacay, and camote at Caral, publications by Haas and colleagues have added avocado, achira, and corn listed of foods consumed in the region. another widespread crop essential to the production of fishing nets & textiles. The prehistoric residents needed the fish resources for their protein and the fishermen needed the cotton to make the nets to catch the fish."

Christianity is by far the largest religion in the United States; more than three-quarters of Americans identify as Christians. A little more than half of us identify as Protestants, about 23 percent as Catholic and about 2 percent as Mormon.

Agnosticism is the view that the truth of metaphysical claims regarding, in particular, the existence of a god or gods, or even ultimate reality, is unknown and may be impossible to know.

Early cities developed in a number of regions, from Mesopotamia to Asia to the Americas. The first cities were founded in Mesopotamia after the Neolithic Revolution, around 7500 BCE Ancient cities were notable for their geographical diversity, as well as their diversity in form and function.St. Augustine, Florida, was the first city founded by European settlers in NorthAmerica.

Aztec warfare brings the aspects associated with the militaristic conventions, forces, weaponry & strategic expansions conducted by the Late PostclassicAztec civilizations of Mesoamerica, including particularly the military history of the Aztec Triple Allianceinvolving the city-states of Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, Tlacopanand other allied polities of the central Mexican region.

he Aztec armed forces were typically composed of a large number of commoners who possessed only basic military training, & a smaller but still considerable number of professional warriors belonging to the nobility & who were organized into warrior societies and ranked according to their achievements

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