72 PART 1 BASICS Exercise 3.3 arguments, For each of the or weak. ollowing argum

Question

72 PART 1 BASICS Exercise 3.3 arguments, For each of the or weak. ollowing arguments, indicate whether it is valid or invalid intolerance toward other religions is 2. Social welfare is by definition a handout to people who have not worked for that they have not earned through labor is not 1. Alice says that nothing is sacred. So okay it. But giving people money helping anyone. It follows then that social welfare does not help anyone. 3. If CNN reports that war has started in Iraq, then war has started in Iraq CNN has reported exactly that. War must have started 4. Ifr 12, then s &r 12; therefore,s 8. 5. Any sitcom that tries to imitate The Big Bang Theory is probably a piece of trash. All of this season's sitcoms try to ape Big Bang. They've gotta be trash 6. "Poetry is finer and more philosophical than history; for poetry expresses e universal and history only the particular." [Aristotle, Poetics] 7. Either you're lying or you're not telling the whole story. You're obviously not lying, so you're just relating part of the story 8. Either your thinking is logical or it is emotional. It's obviously not logica It's emotional. 9. My friends say that asteroids are not real. I've never found a single aster- oid or a piece of one. People claim to have found some, but I don't believe them. There are no such things as asteroids. 10. A Gallup poll says that 80 percent of Americans believe in the existence of heaven, but only 40 percent say they believe in hell. People are just too willing to engage in wishful thinking 11. Many young black men have been shot dead by white police officers. Black people have often been harassed by white policemen. From these facts we can conclude that the recent tragic shooting in Chicago of a black teen by a white police officer was a case of first-degree murder. 12. "We say that a person behaves in a given way because he possesses a philosophy, but we infer the philosophy from the behavior and therefore cannot use it in any satisfactory way as an explanation, at least until it is in turn explained." [B. F. Skinner, Beyond Freedom and Dignityl 13. You flunked the last three tests. You didn't show up for the last eight classes. And you haven't written any of the essays. Looks like you don't know the material. 14. Bachelors are unmarried. George is a bachelor. He has never taken a wife 15. Bachelors are unmarried, and George acts like he's not married. He's a bachelor for sure. 16. If Alicia is alone on a trip, she will be afraid. She's alone on the latest trip. She is afraid. If the universe had a beginning, then it was caused to begin. We know that the universe did have a beginning in the form of the Big Bang, So it was

Explanation / Answer

1. The assertion and reason given by Alice is invalid and weak, as it not only promotes violence but lack any objective data to support her understanding of religion and its relationship to violence.

3.This statement is weak and invalid. CNN had announced in the past that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction and must be invaded to bring democracy in the Middle East. However, when Iraq war broke out, no weapon of mass destruction was found. Hence, any news circulated by any media source should not be considered as the epitome of truth without objective facts and in-depth investigation of the same.

5. Any sitcom that immiates Big Bang is trash. This statement is strong in subjectivity as it reflects on the personal opinion of the person. However, it is invalid as it lacks objective generalised view of a population regarding the same.

9. Asteroids are scientific proven rocks that are found in the space. There are mutilple scientific data to prove its existence. Hence, the statement, 'My friend say the asteroids are not real' is invalid as it defies scientific facts.

11. Racial disparity is a proven sociological phenomenon. One cannot deny the police brutality against the minorities and African American community in America. This statement is a personal opinion. However, it is based on facts and evidences from the recent database of police shooting black community without any evidence against them. Tamar Rice, Eric Brown and Eric Garner are few of the victims. Hence, this statement is valid and strong in both its assertion and reasoning.

13. This statement is strong as it is based on the pattern of an student's past academic performance, lack of attendance in the class and inconsistent behaviour of not completing the assignment.

17. The statement about the beginning of the universe with a big bang is valid as it is based on scientific facts. However, the reason given for the beginning is not well articulated and apt. Therefore, it is weak.

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