a.) Identify the design (be specific; e.g. 2 x 2 repeated measures factorial des
ID: 3498047 • Letter: A
Question
a.) Identify the design (be specific; e.g. 2 x 2 repeated measures factorial design) b.) Identify the independent variable(s) c.) Identify the dependent variable(s) d.) Identify possible main effects e.) Identify any possible interactions Design #1 A researcher investigated the effect of a child's hair length on judgments of personality and intelligence. Teachers were shown photographs of children to obtain their "first impressions" of the children. Each teacher was shown a boy or girl whose hair was either very short, shoulder length, or very long. Teachers
Explanation / Answer
.1. a) In the given study, the researchers used chi square as the statistical test to find whether the results were statistically significant for the population parameters. They used 2x4 contingency design wherein there are two indpeenedent variables, one with three levels of independent variable- short hair, shoulder length and very long hair length, and the second independent variable of sex of the children with two levels-boys and girls. additionally, there are two separate sets of dependent variable - personality ( friendliness) and intelligence.
2. The length of the children’s hair is the independent variable and the researchers were interested in knowing whether short hair length, shoulder length and very long length hair length influence tecaher’s judgements of a child’s friendliness and intelligence. In addition, they included the differences between boys and girls as the second independent variable to find out whether the sex of the child also influenced the teacher’s judgements.
C) the teacher’s assessment of the children’s personality trait of friendliness and intelligence were the dependent variables.
d) Chi-square test is only meant to test the probability of independence of a distribution of data. It will not give any details about the relationship between them. If you want to calculate how much more likely it is that a short hair girl will be a judged as more friendly personality than a long haired boy or girl, the Chi-square test is not going to be very helpful. However, once it is determined that there is a high probability for two variables to be related (using the Chi-square test), we can use other methods to explore their interaction in more detail.
e. Here, interaction means that the effects of one predictor variable like short length hair are not the same at all levels of a second predictor variable like photographs of a boy or a girl child . One possible hair length x personality interaction in this case might be that differences in the ratings are only seen in male respondents compared to female respondents. Another interaction variable can be the visual emotional expressions of the children in the photograph such that smiling faces would be more likely rated as highe on the personality dimension of friendliness.
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