Flag this Question Question 5 2 pts Descartes believed that the world consisted
ID: 3497126 • Letter: F
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Question 5 2 pts
Descartes believed that the world consisted ultimately of two different kinds of substances which are
mind and matter
nature and matter
mind and nature
matter and form
form and function
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Question 6 2 pts
Descartes said that he knows that God exists, and is perfect, means that he can put his trust in him, unlike this Cartesian creation/idea that he postulated deceived him.
masochistic demon
evil mind
evil demon
malicious demon
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Question 7 2 pts
Descartes said that you could find that in moving only by logical steps, each of which was simple and obvious, from premises each of which was also simple and obvious, you began to reach conclusions that were not at all simple and not at all obvious.
True
False
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Question 8 2 pts
Galileo was condemned by the Inquisition because he believed that the earth rotates on its axis and that it revolves around the sun.
True
False
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Question 9 2 pts
God could have created any sort of world he chose, that as a perfect being himself he chose to create the best possible world. A world containing ____, and in consequence wrongdoing and evil, is better than a world in which ______ does not exist; and that is the explanation of why a perfect God has created a world in which there is so much evil.
none of the above
freedom of expression
free trade
free legislation
free will
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Question 10 2 pts
Hobbes put forward the view that physical matter is all there is and that everything can be explained in terms of matter in
mechanics
none of the above
motion
form
words
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Question 11 2 pts
Hobbes was the first philosopher to put forward an out-and-out mechanistic view of nature.
True
False
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Question 12 2 pts
In the Leviathan, Hobbes called the _______ a place where there are no rules, order, or justice. Life is “war of every man against every man,” and all outcomes are determined by violence and cunning, “force and fraud.”
state of policy
state of the union
state of being
none of the above
state of nature
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Question 13 2 pts
John Scotus argued that since correct reasoning cannot lead to false conclusions, there can never be any conflict between reason and divine revelation.
True
False
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Question 14 2 pts
Leibniz believed that all matter is reducible to ___, so Leibniz’s ideas in this respect were astonishingly prescient.
substance
form
matter
energy
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Question 15 2 pts
Leibniz introduced into modern philosophy the notion of alternative ______. The sum total of any set of “compossibilities” makes up _______, and there is an indefinitely large number of them.
plurality of worlds
imperfect worlds
possible worlds
perfect worlds
probable worlds
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Question 16 2 pts
Machiavelli’s book talked about what human beings do to get power and to keep it (or lose it). Never at any time does Machiavelli base an argument on whatever it is that people are _____ to do.
supposed
needed
forced
wanted
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Question 17 2 pts
Machiavelli’s most famous work was called
The Theory of Politics
The People
The Prince
The Pauper
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Question 18 2 pts
One of Kepler’s greatest scientific contributions was that he showed the planets moved in
quadrangles
ellipses
circles
eclipses
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Question 19 2 pts
Spinoza argued that _____, far from being incompatible with public order, was necessary in order to secure it. “The real disturbers of the peace are those who, in a free state, seek to curtail the liberty of judgment which they are unable to tyrannize over.”
freedom of speech
freedom of the press
freedom of government reform
freedom of will
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Question 20 2 pts
Spinoza said that God is not outside of the world, but he is not in the world either: he is not the world.
True
False
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Question 21 2 pts
Spinoza was for or against dualism (specifically Cartesian dualism)?
No answer text provided.
against
No answer text provided.
for
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Question 22 2 pts
St. Augustine was a catechumen, which is
a convert to Christianity who received training in doctrine and discipline after baptism
a convert from Christianity after baptism
a convert from Christianity who received training in doctrine and decided against baptism
a convert to Christianity who received training in doctrine and discipline before baptism
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Question 23 2 pts
St. Thomas Aquinas solved the problem of the universals by giving what definitive term?
moderate socialism
moderate realism
moderate reliability
moderate empiricism
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Question 24 2 pts
The argument that the universal exhibits design and purpose, and its explanation explains something in terms of its aim or goal is called what kind of argument?
teleological
none of the above
cosmological
ontological
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Question 25 2 pts
The argument that the universes’ being here at all means that someone must have created it is what kind of argument?
cosmological
teleological
none of the above
ontological
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Question 26 2 pts
The idea that in trying to understand something, getting unnecessary information out of the way is the fastest way to the truth or to the best explanation is which of the following:
Idea of Simple Reasoning
Law of Simplicity
Ockham's Helmet
The K.I.S.S. principle/Ockham's Razor
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Question 27 2 pts
The principle of sufficient reason said that for everything that is the case there must be a reason why it is the case. If the truth in question is an analytic one it can be proved without reference to external reality, whether by a logical or mathematical demonstration, etc.
True
False
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Question 28 2 pts
This kind of argument applies to any discussion to do with the nature of being.
none of the above
teleological
cosmological
ontological
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Question 29 2 pts
Though most of Europe was in a darkened period where not much occurred, this same time was the golden age of ____ and ______.
Islam and the Ming dynasty
Islam and the Myans
Islam and Tang dynasty
Islam and the Muslim world
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Question 30 2 pts
When Abelard tried to solve the problem of universals he came up with two positions: realism and nominalism. Realism
asserted that universals have a real existence
asserted that universals are useful names for certain characteristics but are not things that exist in themselves
none of the above
asserted that universals do not have a real existence
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Question 31 2 pts
When Abelard tried to solve the problem of universals he came up with two positions: realism and nominalism. Nominalism
none of the above
asserted that universals are useful names for certain characteristics but are not things that exist in themselves
asserted that universals do not have a real existence
asserted that universals have a real existence
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Question 32 2 pts
Which was not one of the problems for Augustine to solve during his time:
God is omniscient but immortal
God is benevolent but ignorant
God is omniscient but immoral
all of the above
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Question 33 2 pts
Who correctly analyzed the constituent properties of light, invented calculus, and not only formulated the concept of gravity but worked out the law of gravitation?
Bacon
Newton
Copernicus
Galileo
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Question 34 2 pts
Who said, “words are but the images of matter,” and “to fall in love with them is to fall in love with a picture”?
Galileo
Copernicus
Newton
Bacon
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Question 35 2 pts
Who was the first ecclesiastical author whose entire development can be clearly traced (in other words, who we know his complete biography)?
Aquinas
Anselm
Augustine
Ockham
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Question 36 2 pts
Who was the person who was the first scholar of note to examine the scriptures as historical documents in his Ethics? He was a genuine polymath and a distinguished biblical scholar.
Kepler
Hobbes
Copernicus
Spinoza
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Question 37 2 pts
How did Augustine solve the problem of God and time?
He said that God created time.
He said it wasn't a problem.
He said that God is time.
He said that God is not in time.
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Question 38 2 pts
Who were two philosophers that had great impact on Christianity during the time of Aquinas and Augustine?
Aristotle and Socrates
Plato and Newton
Plato and Aristotle
Plato and Socrates
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Question 39 2 pts
One doctrine that St. Augustine did get accepted by the church was his idea of predestination.
True
False
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Question 40 2 pts
The Islamic world was important because they preserved much of the culture of classical antiquity (particularly ideas of Aristotle).
True
False
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Question 41 2 pts
The philosophy founded by Aquinas, which consists of a marriage between Plato, Christianity, and Aristotle, is called
Aquinism
Aquine
Thomism
Thomasism
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Question 42 2 pts
Empiricism is the idea that true knowledge comes from
sense experience
science
nature
reason
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Question 43 2 pts
Rationalism is the idea that true knowledge comes from
science
nature
reason
sense experience
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Question 44 2 pts
You are an example of a contingent thing.
True
False
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Question 45 2 pts
Bacon warns us against the influences on our thinking that seduce us away from it. Because these are false notions to which we are too inclined to pay reverence he calls them “__,” because they are common to all mankind. (His idea is similar to the Christian idea that we should not worship false__ .)
idols
creations
lessons
ideas
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Question 46 2 pts
It was Hobbes’ view that it is the responsibility of the people to punish lawbreakers severely.
True
False
Explanation / Answer
5. The correct answer is Option 1. Descartes believed that the world consisted ultimately of two different kinds of substances which are mind and matter.
6. The correct answer is Option C. The Cartesian creation/idea that he postulated deceived him is the evil demon.
7. False. For Descartes his conclusions simple and obvious.
8. True. Galileo was condemned by the Inquisition because he believed that the earth rotates on its axis and that it revolves around the sun.
Please post the other questions separately as we are supposed to answer just one question or four sub parts of a question.
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