identify the four major elements of classical conditioning. Specify for each exa
ID: 3495809 • Letter: I
Question
identify the four major elements of classical conditioning. Specify for each example (a) the unconditioned stimulus (US), (b) the unconditioned response (UR), (c) the conditioned stimulus (CS), and (d) the conditioned response (CR).
1. To discourage coyotes from attacking their sheep, ranchers feed the coyotes small pieces of mutton tainted with poison that, when ingested, cause the coyotes to experience extreme dizziness and nausea. Later, when the coyotes are placed in the pen with the sheep, the mere smell of the sheep causes the coyotes to run frantically away from their former prey.
2. As part of a new and intriguing line of research in behavioral medicine, researchers give mice saccharine-flavored water (a sweet substance that mice love) and then follow it up with an injection of a drug that weakens mice’s immune systems. Later, when these mice drank saccharine-flavored water, they showed signs of a weakened immune response. Research is currently underway to see if the reverse is possible (i.e., if conditioning can be used to increase immune functioning), a discovery which would surely have important implications for new medical treatments.
Explanation / Answer
Classical Conditioning is a type of associative learning. A stimulus is associated with a response. There are four major elements of classical conditioning. An Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS), is a stimulus which produces a response without any kind of prior learning. An Unconditioned Response (USR), is an automatic response which is unlearned and is elicited on presentation of unconditioned stimulus. Conditioned Stimulus (CS) in classical conditioning is previously a neutral stimulus that eventually elicits the Conditioned Response(CR) after being paired with the Unconditioned Stimulus (US).
1. Dizziness and Nausea experienced by the Coyotes, is the Unconditioned Response(UR), to an Unconditioned Stimulus (food, mutton piece). The mere smell of the sheep is a Conditioned Stimulus (CS) which on being paired with a previously neutral stimulus(food), elicited the Conditioned Response(CR) of running away from the sheep.
2. Injection is the Unconditioned Stimulus (US) which provides an Unconditioned Respone(UR)-(weakening of mice's immune system. Later when Saccharine-flavoured water, which was previously a neutral stimulus is given without the injection, it becomes a Conditioned Stimulus and the signs of weakened immune response without the injection becomes the Conditioned Response(CR).
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