A researcher conducts a study to determine whether smiling affects students’ int

Question

A researcher conducts a study to determine whether smiling affects students’ interest in the course material. In her 8am Physiological Psychology course, she never smiles while teaching. In her 9am Physiological Psychology course, she smiles often while teaching. At the end of the semester, she gives students a questionnaire to assess the extent to which students liked the course material. The results showed that the 9am class liked the course material more than the 8am class. What is the independent variable? How many levels are there for the independent variable? What is the dependent variable? What is the confound?

Explanation / Answer

The independent variable is the act of smiling.

The levels that are there for the independent variable are two i.e. one control in which she does not smile and second when she smiles.

The dependent variable is the likeness of the course by the students.

The confound i.e. an extraneous variable in this experimental design that will correlate with both the dependent and independent variables may be the performance of the students in the class.

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