Psychology of Learning-Instrumental Learning a. Give an example where variabilit

Question

Psychology of Learning-Instrumental Learning

a. Give an example where variability was reinforced and why it may be beneficial.

b. Compare the molar and molecular description of a fixed ratio and variable ratio reinforcement schedules.

c. Describe and plot out charts depicting the switch in behavior of an animal if they were switched from a Variable Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement to a Variable Interval Schedule of Reinforcement. For the chart, have time on the X axis and cumulative movements on the Y axis.

d. After the animal starts behaving to the Variable Interval Schedule, extinction begins. What would you expect to see from the behavior of the animal?

Explanation / Answer

a. Nothing occurs by chance, but there is a reason and necessity for everything when it depends on variations; reinenforcement results in responding that is diverse, and unpredictable approach a random process. According to a competing claim, some things cannot be predicted even if complete knowledge is assumed chance- like random or stochastic effects do not disappear. Those who hold this indeterminist position argue that variability is more than a sign of ignirance.

b. Most often characterized as a "molecular" view of behaviour that is each behaviour can be decomposed in atomistic parts or molecules. This view is inaccurate when one considers his complete description of behaviour as delineated. That is, they argue that a behaviour can be understood best in terms of the ultimate cause of history and that molecular behaviorist are committing a fallacy by inventing a fictitious proximal cause for behaviour. Molar behaviorist argue that standard molecular constructs such as associative strength are such fictitious proximal causes that simply take the place of molar variables such as rate of reinenforcement. Thus, a molar behaviorist would define a behavior such as loving someone as a exhibiting a oattern of loving behavior over time, there is no known proximal cause of loving behavior(.i.e. love) only a history of behavior(of which the current behavior might be an example of) that can be summarized as love. Variable- ratio (VR) schedule deliver a reinforcer after every response, on average, with the mean of the response- reinforcer ratios defining the schedule. With a variable- interval schedule, if a subject responds continuously during the session, it will receive all reinenforcements exactly when they are programmed by the schedule.

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