QUESTION 1 Dr. Miller teaches a dog to salivate to the sound of a tone by presen

Question

QUESTION 1

Dr. Miller teaches a dog to salivate to the sound of a tone by presenting the tone first and food immediately after the tone. This illustrates:

Chaining

Forward conditioning

Instrumental conditioning

Both A and B

QUESTION 2

Billy sees Henry get punished for throwing his milk at Stefanie. Even though Billy could throw his milk at someone, he decides not to because he doesn't want to get punished like Henry did. This illustrates:

Vicarious reinforcement

Extinction burst

Chaining

Latent inhibition

QUESTION 3

Which of the following is a true statement about the role of biological factors in motivation?

Biological factors (e.g., genes) affect things like eye color, but they don't influence behavior

If we have biological factors (e.g., genes) that affect a certain behavior, we do NOT have a choice about displaying that behavior

Biological factors (e.g., genes) can predispose us toward a certain behavior, but we still have a choice about displaying that behavior

QUESTION 4

Dr. Lin asks college students to predict how they would feel if various events occured (e.g., they got an A on their next exam, they began dating someone they really wanted to date). Dr. Lin finds that people overestimate their emotional reactions. This illustrates:

Misattribution

The James-Lange theory of emotion

The overjustification effect

Impact bias

QUESTION 5

Instincts lead to inflexible behaviors that are called:

Fixed action patterns

Conditioned emotional reactions

Incentives

None of the above

QUESTION 6

What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?

HIV is a virus that weakens the immune system. AIDS is a type of bacteria that is deadly if one's immune system is too weak to fight it off.

HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system; when the disease is fairly advanced, the person is diagnosed with AIDS

There is no difference; these are 2 names for the same disease.

HIV refers to a weakened immune system, which is caused by the AIDS virus

QUESTION 7

This theory suggests that behaving in a happy way can help us to feel happier.

Bandura's social learning theory

James-Lange theory of emotion

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

Schachter-Singer theory of emotion

QUESTION 8

As described in the text, research by Mary Cover Jones:

Helped a boy named Peter to overcome his fear of rabbits

Helped a woman named Charlotte to overcome her fear of spiders

Helped a girl named Martha to overcome her fear of chickens

All of the above

  

QUESTION 9

Dr. Kadeen lets rats walk around in a maze for a few days. They often appear to make mistakes. However, once he starts rewarding them, they immediately run through the maze with few errors, suggesting that they had learned before he began rewarding them. This illustrates:

The partial reinforcement extinction effect

Second-order conditioning

Latent learning

Habituation

QUESTION 10

Arrica works at a landscaping business. When she first gets to work, the smells of the plants and fertilizers seem very strong, but after a while she hardly notices them. This illustrates:

Vicarious reinforcement

Habituation

Disinhibition

The Premack principle

A.

Chaining

B.

Forward conditioning

C.

Instrumental conditioning

D.

Both A and B

QUESTION 1 1 points Save A Dr. Miller teaches a dog to salivate to the sound of a tone by presenting the tone first and food immediately after the tone. This illustrates: A. Chaining OB. Forward conditioning O C. Instrumental conditioning D Both A and B QUESTION 2 1 points Save A Billy sees Henry get punished for throwing his milk at Stefanie. Even though Billy could throw his milk at someone, he decides not to because he doesn't want to get punished like Henry did. This illustrates O A. Vicarious reinforcement B. Extinction burst O C. Chaining D.Latent inhibition QUESTION 3 1 points Save A Which of the following is a true statement about the role of biological factors in motivation? OA. Biological factors (e g, genes) affect things like eye color, but they don't influence behavior B.If we have biological factors (e.g., genes) that affect a certain behavior, we do NOT have a choice about displaying that behavior O C Biological factors (e.g., genes) can predispose us toward a certain behavior, but we still have a choice about displaying that behavior

Explanation / Answer

Q1) B) Forward Conditioning

Forward Conditioning is also called as 'Classical Conditioning'. This example is the same experiment that was performed by Pavlov in his 'Pavlov's Dog Experiment'. In this type of conditioning a potent stimulus (food) is repeatedly paired with neutral stimulus (tone) to elicit a reaction.

Q2) A) Vicarious reinforcement

Vicarious Punishment is the more appropriate answer. Vicarious reinforcement is defined as tendency to repeat a behavior that is observed as being rewarding. Vicarious Punishment is defined as weakening of a behavior that is observed as having negative consequence.

Q3) C) Biological factors (e.g., genes) can predispose us toward a certain behavior, but we still have a choice about displaying that behavior

Biological factors (e.g., genes) can predispose us toward a certain behavior, but that does not mean we will always show it. For Example, if a child has a gene that predisposes him to show delinquency, it means he is at risk. It does not mean that there is a 100 percent chance that he will become a delinquent. Environment also plays a large role in behavior shaping.

Q4) D) Impact Bias

Impact Bias is defined as overestimation of emotion (length or intensity) of the feeling states occurring in the future. It is a form of durability bias.

Q5) A) Fixed action patterns

Innate behaviors are not learned or practiced. These are called as, instinctive behaviors. Fixed Action Pattern (FAP) is defined as innate behaviors that are similar (or invariant) within similar species. It is also called as Model Action Pattern.

Q6) B) HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system; when the disease is fairly advanced, the person is diagnosed with AIDS

Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that is passed through fluid exchange and it attacks the immune system. Acquired immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a condition that is caused by HIV in the later stages.

Q7) B) James-Lange theory of emotion

According to James-Lange theory of emotion our bodily reactions come first, then our psychological reaction comes. Thus, if we act happy, we will feel happy.

Q8) A) Helped a boy named Peter to overcome his fear of rabbits

Mary Cover Jones is famous for her "Little Peter" Experiment in which she helped a 3-year-old boy named peter to overcome his fear of rabbits through conditioning in which she associated pleasant stimulus with the rabbit.

Q9) A) The partial reinforcement extinction effect

The partial reinforcement extinction effect is defined as a method of reinforcement training to increase the activity or persistence of extinction of certain behaviors.

Q10) B) Habituation

Habituation is defined as a form of learning in which repeated exposure to a stimulus decreases or ceases the elicitation of response to it.

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